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What is the minimal speed required for a marble ball to complete a loop -…
What is the minimal speed required for a marble ball to complete a loop
Materials
Marble ball
Measuring tape
Hot wheels track
Light gate
Independent Variables
Height the marble is released from
Advantages - There is an easy set up and low materials required makes the practical accessible.
Limitations - Getting the track to remain at a constant height may prove diffucult and there may be slight changes in height which will produce random errors.
Mass of the object
Advantages - The height and radius can remain constant which allows for this practical to be time efficient.
Limitations - Changing the mass of ball will change many aspects such as friction and the results may incur more random and systematic errors.
Radius of the loop
Advantages - The radius of the loop can easily be changed by adding more track. This method leads to minimal random and systematic present and can easily be built with the materials accessible.
Limitations - Due to the many changes in radius, this setup may be time consuming to find the minimal velocity to complete the loop.
Justification
The chosen independent variable to test throughout this practical is changing the radius of the loop. Four selected radius radii lengths will be chosen and by creating a ramp and the use of a light gate, the minimum velocity for a marble ball to complete a loop can be tested. This method was chosen due to the number of advantages and little limitations compared to the other independent variables. Results can be recorded in a table where multiple trials will be taken. These results can then be plotted onto a graph and a connection between radius and velocity can be found.
Controlled Variables
Mass of Marble ball
Ruler used
Hot wheels track used
Horizontal force applied
Light gate used
Angle of the ramp
Uncontrolled Variables
Air resistance
Friction experienced by the marble ball
Safety considerations
Light gate
Hot wheels track
Marble ball
Errors
Random
Height of ramp
Length of radius
Reduce the effect of random errors by conducting multiple trials
Force applied to the marble ball
Systematic
Calibration of ruler
Calibration of light gate