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Treatments of Depression. - Coggle Diagram
Treatments of Depression.
Description
The notion that underpins the cognitive approach is that mental disorders result from errors in thinking.
The aim of cognitive therapy is to challenge any irrational or dysfunctional thoughts and to replace them with more rational ones.
Ellis coined the rational emotive therapy or known as REBT. It is a type of cognitive- behavioural therapy.
Ellis' rational-emotive behavioural therapy REBT.
Description.
REBT was developed by Ellis 1957 and is based on the idea that many problems are the result of irrational thinking.
It incorporates the ABC Model developed by Ellis which helps to demonstrate that idea that beliefs are the main influence behind our emotional well being.
This is a from CBT.
How it works:
A
Activating Event
B
Irrational beliefs
C
Unhealthy Emotion
D
Disputing irrational thoughts
E
Effective attitude to life
F
New Feelings
Ellis focuses on how self-defeating attitudes cause problems when something unpleasant happens.
The therapy is designed to replace the belief with a new belief. Simply, replaced B and with D. A dispute belief allows the individual to interpret what happens to them in way that are more realistic and positive.
D then leads to E. This is essentially the effects of disputing. The individuals should form a new effective attitude to life.
E then leads to F. This stands for feelings. The is the idea that the new attitude brings about new happy feels. This is because the individual becomes to look at things in a more positive light.
Ellis emphasises that it is not the activating event that causes depression. Instead, it is the beliefs that lead to the self-defeating consequences. Therefore, REBT focuses on disputing these beliefs and replacing them with effective, rational beliefs.
There are three types of disputing:
Logical disputing
It is questioning
“Does thinking this way make sense”
Empirical disputing
It is asking
“Are these beliefs consistent with reality?” “Where is the proof that is realistic?”
Pragmatic disputing
It is highlighting how thinking this why is not worth it. The idea that self-defeating beliefs are useless.
“How is this belief going to help me”
CBT
It stands for cognitive behaviour therpahy. It is a talking thefpahy that focuses on identifying and challenging irrational thoughts.
There are two types:
Cognitive Therapy
A way of changing maladaptive thoughts and beliefs.
Behaviroual theraphy
A way of changing behaviour in response to these thoughts
CBT is the most commonly used psychological treatment for depression.
How it is done?
The therapists aims to make the client aware of the relationship between thoughts, actions and emotions.
Helps people to change how they think and what they do.
These changes can help them feel better.
You will have between 5-20 sessions, weekly or fortnight for around 30-60 minutes.
The focus of the therapy looks at "here and no" This means it does not look into the future. Thus, this is a short term treatment.
It trains clients to deal with their our depression and problems.
Homework
It is a key component of CBT.
Allows clients to practise CBT techniques on their own.
Test irrational beliefs against reality and out new rational beliefs into practice for example, identify negative thoughts about one self like thinking your fat but realise theses rational beliefs are not true.
Aim to become their own therapists.
Behavioural activation
component of CBT
Encouraging clients to become more active and engage in pleasurable activities hat they may have been avoiding.
Activity = rewards that act as an antidote to depression. For example, running releases indeopfines. "Runners' high"
Unconditional positive regard.
Worthlessness = less likely to change beliefs and behaviour.
If the therapist shows respect and appreciation regardless of what the client does or says, this will facilitate a change in beliefs and behaviour.
Rogers 1915 claimed that people have two basic needs: positive regard from other people and feeling of self-worth.
Issues of feel worthless and having low self-esteem develop in childhood due to lack of unconditional positive regard often from parents.
Self-actualisation is only possible if there is congruence between the way an individual sees themselves and their ideal self (the way they want to be or think they should be).
If there is a large gap between these two concepts, negative feelings of self-worth will arise that will make it impossible for self-actualisation to take place.