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ADVERBIAL CLAUSES - Coggle Diagram
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
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Types
TIME
Adv subordinator:
- after: following the time that
- as: while when
- as soon as: immediately at or instantly after the time that
- before: earlier than the time when
- since: from that moment
- until: up to the time of
- when: a point in time/ short duration
- whenever: at any time
- while: longer duration of time
Tense sequence: Talk about
1)past/ present=> same tense as in the inde. clause
Ex: When she heard the result, she was overjoyed
2)future=> use present. No exception.
Ex: Tell me when she come (Adv clause bổ ngữ cho "tell")
:!: Tránh nhầm lẫn khi thấy Adv sub time nhưng ko là Adv clauses
Ex: I don't know when she will come => N clause: DO cho "know"
I don't know the time when she will come=> Adj clause
3) an action completed before another described in the Inde. clause=> use simple/ perfect V forms
Ex: As soon as you see/ have seen her, come and tell me.
:pencil2: Dựa theo ý nghĩa đề dùng: Simple: hđ liên tiếp - Perfect: Khoảng cách giữa 2 hđ. Có một số TH chỉ đc chọn 1.
Ex: After I have written this book, I'm having a holiday.
Turn off the light as you leave.
Types
PLACE:
- anywhere, everywhere, wherever: any place
- where: a definite place
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MANNER
- as: in the way/ manner that/ like
- :star: as if/ as though:
sự thật: dùng bình thường
ko đúng sự thật: dùng Past subjunctive (QK giả định - QK đơn và were)
Ex: He talks to me as if/ as though I were his servant.
RESULT
phrase + that, so + adj/ adv + that, such a(n) (+adj) + n: with the result that
PURPOSE
in order that, so that: for the good of
REASON: for the reason that
- As, Since: ở đầu, formal. Ex: As/ Since I didn't understand the question, I asked her to repeat it again.
- Because: Trc (kèm dấu phẩy) hay sau mde chính đều đc
Ex: Because I didn't ..., I asked...again/ I asked her to repeat the question because I didn't understand it.
:pencil2: for: chỉ phía sau, ko mở đầu, o dùng trong Adv clause.
Ex: I asked..., for I didn't...
Types
CONCESSION/CONTRAST
although, even though, though: in spite of the fact that
STRONG CONTRAST
whereas, while: direct opposition
CONDITION
as long as, if, provided/ providing, unless, whether: under the condition that
REDUCING
Complex Sentence: can reduce when
- 2 clauses having the same Subject
- Retaining or Omitting the Adv subordinator:
1) Retain BEFORE
2) Retain SINCE when it refers to time
3) Delete AS when it refers to time
4) Delete all subordinators referring to reason
5) Retain AFTER, WHEN and WHILE when the reduced form follows the Independent clause
Ex: While preparing for the TOEFL, he lived with a family
- Using V-ing (active) or P.p (passive)
Ex: While he was carrying a heavy pile of books, he caught his food on a step => Carrying...books, he caught his...step
Compound Sentence:
Có thể rút nhưng cân nhắc rút mđề nào vì chúng tương xứng với nhau
Rule: Rút mđề xr trước hoặc giữ lại mđe có nghĩa qtrong hơn
Ex: I slept until midnight and I forgot to eat.
=> I slept until midnight forgetting to eat.
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