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Population Ecology - Coggle Diagram
Population Ecology
Change in Population Size
Increase
Immigration
Per capita birth rate > Per capita death rate
Decrease
Emmigration
Density-Dependent Limiting Factors
Parasitism / disease
Competition for limited resources (including intraspecific competition)
Predation
Density-Independent Limiting Factors
Floods
Fires
Landslides
etc...
Hurricanes
Carrying Capacity
Per-capita death rate > Per-capita birth rate
Contraception (i.e. in humans)
No change
Zero population growth (Per-capita birth rate = Per-capita death rate)
Measuring
Plot Sampling
Mark-recapture sampling
Demographic Transition Model
Industrial Stage
Post-Industrial Stage
Transitional Stage
Pre-industrial Stage
Other factors:
Life History
Survivorship Curve
Type II
Type III
Type I
r-Selection vs k-Selection
r-Selection
Typically short generation time and small body size
Typically Type III survivorship curve
Maximize per-capita growth rate
Species living in variable/unpredictable conditions seldom reach carrying capacity
k-Selection
Species living in more stable environment often approach carrying capacity
Parents produce few high-quality offspring = adaptive
Species tend to have large body and long generation time
Typically Type I survivorship curve
Demographics
Population Size
Population Densive
Population Distribution
Clumped
Patchy distribution of resources
Populations that benefit from living in groups
Random
Resources distributed uniformly
Uniform
Intense competition for limited resources