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Quantitative Research, Collect numerical datas, Each unit in the…
Quantitative Research
Survey research
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Reliability
The degree of stability exhibited by the instrument when it is used repeatedly under identical settings
Generally, r ≥ 0.70 is considered a good reliability
Characteristics
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Descriptive, explanatory, exploratory purposes
Techniques
Interviews
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Personal interview, Focus group, Telephone interview
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Survey/ Questionnaires
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Structure
Short, simple, and direct questions
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Experimental Research
Characteristics
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Both experimental group and control group must have equivalent stats on all variables except IVs to prevent inaccuracy
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An approach where one or more IVs are manipulated, DV is observed, & other relevant variables are controlled
Types of experiment
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Factorial Design
Manipulate two or more groups simultaneously to examine the independent effect of each variable and the effects of the interaction among several variables on DV
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Each unit in the population has no specific probability for being selected, non-random
Each unit in the population has a specific and equal probability for being selected, random
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During the time interval between pre and post test, extraneous events that might affect DV may occur
Passage of time resulting in the biological changes such as natural physical, emotional, & intellectual changes may affect DV
Improved scores on post test due to exposure during pre test and short time interval between pre and post test
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No pretest, only posttest results
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One experimental group and two control groups, one with pretest and another one without pretest
Two experiments organized, one with pretest and another one without pretest
No randomizations, both pretest and posttest are done
The big picture of data is symmetrical, bell-shaped, centered, and unimodal
The shape of the data is skewed, and unsymmetrical
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Normal distribution, kurtosis at around zero
Negative kurtosis, thin-tailed
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The bigger the sample size, the more normal the distribution of data
The probability that a population parameter will fall between two set of values for a certain proportion of times
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Positive sign (+) indicates if one variable increases, another variable increases
Negative sign (-) indicates if one variable increases, another variable decreases
The size of correlation ranged from -1.00 to +1.00 indicates the strength of the relationship between variables
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0.90s is high, 0.80s is moderate, 0.70s is low
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When one variable increases, another variable also increases, but up to one point, the increase of the variable caused the decrease of another variable
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If there is a correlation between two variables, prediction of the variable can be made based on the other variable
The greater the correlation, the more accurate the prediction
Measure tangibles (test results, etc.) and intangibles (attitudes, etc.)
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Prepare, design, and modify instruments
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Organize, analyze, and interpret data collected
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Purpose of study, Request for cooperation, confidentiality, etc.
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