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etiology and pharmacological treatment of ASD - Coggle Diagram
etiology and pharmacological
treatment of ASD
neurotransmitter dysfunction
Serotonin
Dopamine
GABA and Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Histamine
current pharmacological interventions
Atypical antisychotics
Clozapine
capable of binding to 5-HT and DA receptors
improve hyperactivity and aggression in ASD
originally for schizophrenia
risperidone*
treat irritabiliy, repetitive behaviour, aggression, anxiety, depression, nervousness
schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
neuroprotective - antioxidant
Arirpiprazole
partial agonist on D3R and 5-HT1S receptors
antagonistic at 5-HT2A and 5-HT7,
partial agonist to 5-HT2C
neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors
SSRI
decrease in sterotyped and repetitive behaviours
-ve: disinhibition, hypomania, agitation and hyperactivity (Fluoxetine)
tricyclic antidepressants
Anticonvulsives
Glutamate antagonists
AChE inhibitors
rivastigmine
significantly relieved overall ASF behaviours
-ve: nausea, diarrhea, hyperactivity, irritability
galantamine
improvements in hyperactivity, irritability, social withdrawal, inappropriate speech, attention deficiency, anger
Psychostimulants
Methylphenidate
ADHD and narcolepsy
norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Attention deficiency, hyperactivity
-ve: aggression, anorexia, insomnia
Adrenergic alpha receptor agonists
opiate antagonists
naltrexone
enhancements in self-injurious behaviour, hyperactivity, social withdrawal, agitation and irritability