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EMSU Topic 6 - Coggle Diagram
EMSU Topic 6
Because of Singapore's small geographical area, increasing industrialisation, and growing population, careful planning is required to provide a decent living environment for all inhabitants and tourists.
Water Management
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New water and desalinated water are expected to meet 50% and 30% of Singapore's future water needs respectively in the long run. This is to ensure Singapore can be self-sufficient for water demand after Water Agreement expired in 2061
Today, water demand is about 430 million gallons a day or 782 Olympics-size swimming pool
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Total water demand might nearly double by 2060, with non-domestic use accounting for 70% of total demand and domestic usage accounting for 30%.
However due to limited land for water catchment, SG need to recycle water to meet demand
Using cutting-edge membrane filtration technologies, Singapore produces NEWater, a water that is exceptionally clean and safe to drink.
NEWater is highly demanded by industrial customers like wafer fabrication plants, which require highly purified water.
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The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS), a future-oriented spent water superhighway, is a cost-effective and long-term solution devised by PUB to satisfy Singapore's long-term requirements for used water collection, treatment, reclamation, and disposal.
Deep tunnel sewers are utilised by the DTSS to transport spent water to centralised water reclamation facilities (WRPs) in coastal areas via gravity.
Energy Management
NEA promotes energy efficiency through legislative, incentives, providing information and public education
NEA leads a inter-agency committee called Energy Efficiency Programme Office (E2PO) which develops the Energy Efficient Singapore plan to increase energy efficiency in all energy consuming sectors - namely power production, industry, buildings, transport, and households.
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NEA initiated the 10% Energy Challenge in 2008 to raise awareness on energy conservation an aim to reduce household's consumption by 10% in 5 years' times
Clean Energy
Clean energy is define as sources of energy such as solar power and wind energy that is environmentally friendly and non-polluting.
Hydrogen fuel cell is a renewable clean energy that cause little to no harm to the environment. It is generated by natural resource such as solar, biofuels, wind, tidal, hydro and geothermal
In addition to promoting energy efficiency, SG also actively promoting the development of clean energy
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Wind Energy
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Limited application for waves, tidal and ocean thermal in SG due to lack of sea space
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Geographically, Singapore isn't suitable for hydro or geothermal energy production.
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Waste Management
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Amount of solid waste disposed increased 6 times as Singapore population and economy grow over the years since independence
The National Environment Agency (NEA) has overall responsibility for the planning, development and management of solid waste disposal facilities and operations in Singapore.
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Due to limited land and dense population it is critical and important for SG to have a efficient system for collection and disposal or waste
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Before collecting solid waste, recyclables are filtered out for processing to prolong the lifespans
Incinerated ash and non-incinerable waste are being transported to Tuas Marine Transfer Station (TMTS) and transport to Semakau Landfill by barging operation for disposal
Today, 60% of SG waste is recycled, remaining 38% incinerated and 2% landfilled
Waste such as construction an demolition refuse are being disposed at Semakau Landfill due to not able to incinerated
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As both incineration plants and landfill are capital-intensive infrastructures and require more space, it is not feasible to build more plants.
Active, Beautiful, Clean (ABC)
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