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U4: C4- Impact of JO on Indonesia - Coggle Diagram
U4: C4- Impact of JO on Indonesia
Encouraged development of Indonesian nationalism
Release and support for Indonesia's nationalist leaders
Japanese released nationalist leaders, namely Hatta, Sukarno and Sjahrir
Cultivated nationalist sentiments and desire for independence
Mobilisation of Indonesians
Brought masses together under common goal
Led to formation of organisations and groups
Creation of Japanese sponsored organisations
Japanese wanted to secure control and fulfil aims in Indonesia
Replaced Indonesian organisations with ones that served Japanese aims
Creation of military forces
As Japan had insufficient resources to manage whole SEA, they trained locals such that they can provide additional resistance towards the Allied powers
E.g. Pembela Tanah Air/PETA and Heiho
Support for Indonesian Muslims
Japan sought the support from the Muslims, as they know they have been considered infidels by Dutch
Created only organisation permitted to represent Muslim interests, quickly became popular
Also created to counter growing influence of nationalists
Politicisation of youths
Youths who wanted to gain independence without relying on external help known as Pemuda
Heightened political awareness among younger generation- Pemuda became important force towards pushing towards independence
Japanese promise of independence
Japanese slow to grant concessions towards Indonesia's independence
Indonesian nationalist leaders excluded from conference, about eventual independence on Japanese controlled territories
Only acted on their promise of independence in 1944
Preparatory Measures for Independence (BPUPK)
5 principles defining basic beliefs (Pancasila)
Some members wanted Greatr Indonesia (inc of Portuguese Timor, British Borneo and British Malaya)
Independent Indonesia known as Republic of Indonesia
Initially wanted a federal state (Each major ethnic group, one state), but ended up as a unitary state (opp of federal)
Independent Indonesia operate on have religion playing a part in decision making, practicing laws of their religion
Japan's surrender
Japan's surrender put a halt in Japan's effort in making Indonesia independent- causing much confusion
Since Japan could not control Indonesia, led to a power vacuum (as Allies have not returned to their previous colonies)
Sukarno used this period to declare independence on 17 Aug 1945