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5 BASIC ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZING - Coggle Diagram
5 BASIC ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZING
JOB SPECIALIZATION
Advantages :
• Improvement in productivity
Straightforward, faster and efficient due to
repetition of the tasks.
Independent and requires less supervision
Disadvantages :
Boredom from doing the same job.
Development and career advancement
are limited.
The person is limited in performing other activities at work that is not within the specialization
DEPARTMENTALIZATION
Process of grouping the activities by placing experts together into one department in an organization.
Product
Grouping of jobs according to products/services.
Disadvantage - duplication of resources
Advantage - narrow focus on particular needs of product line
Functional
Grouping of jobs according to major work functions.
Disadvantage - focus more on their own goals rather than organizational overall goals
Advantage - more efficient and expert
Customer
Grouping of jobs according to the type of customer served by the organization
Advantage - focus on customer requirements
Disadvantage - duplication of effort/resources
Geographic/Location
Grouping of job according to locations or regions of country or world.
Advantage - can respond to demands from different market
Disadvantage - duplication of resource
REPORTING RELATIONSHIP
Span of control or management
The number of subordinate whom managers can control effectively
Tall versus flat organization
Tall - Required by big and complex organization
Flat - Practice in small businesses
Chain of Command
Vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization
ASSIGNING AUTHORITY
Right to give directives, take action and make decisions in order to achieve goals of an organization
Delegation
Direct authority assignment and responsibility to a subordinate to complete jobs.
Decentralization
Degree of decision-making authority that is allocated to the lower levels.
Centralization
Degree of decision-making authority that is allocated to the upper levels.
COORDINATION
The activities of various departments in the organization are properly integrated and adjusted to achieve common goals.
2 methods of coordination:
Structural
( Managing the chain of command, liaison roles, task force, integrating departments)
Electronic
( Involves information and communication technologies )
Types of interdependence -
POOLED
SEQUENTIAL
RECIPROCAL