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The Scientific Method, Statistics - Coggle Diagram
The Scientific Method
Designing the Experiment and Collecting Data
Surveys
Approved by Institutional Review Board
Ethics: consent, minimum risk, confidentiality/anonymity, relation to research
Sample must match population, randomly selected participants, as short and clear as possible, close ended questions
Hypothesis/Prediction
Null hypothesis (H0) or Alternative hypothesis (H1)
Conclusions
Using statistical analysis and background research to "look beyond the sample"
Analyzing and Summarizing Data
Statistics and statistical programming
Background Research
Research Question
Statistics
Statistical Terms
Population
Sample: a subgroup of population
Parameter: Summary of a variable for a population
Statistic: Summary of a variable for a sample
Descriptive Statistics: Quantitative data and analysis
Correlation: linear relationship between 2 or more variables
Statistical Inference: Using sample to make conclusions about population
Visualization
Bar plots
Number of observations
Box plots
For ANOVA. Range of continuous variable at different levels of categorical variable
Histograms
Distribution of variable
Scatter plots
For linear regression. Linear or quadratic trends
Correlation
For linear regression
Statistical Tests
T Test
Statistical difference between means
ANOVA
T test for 3 or more means
Linear Regression
2 continuous variables correlated while accounting for other variables
Statistical Significance
P value
< 0.05 = Significant (usually)
Means are significantly different (or significantly correlated)
< 0.05 = Insignificant (usually)
Confidence Intervals