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Alterations in Hormone/Metabolic Function - Coggle Diagram
Alterations in Hormone/Metabolic Function
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (ADH)
tumor
caused by
excessive hormone (ADH)
manifestations
concentrated/low urine output, nausea, vomiting, headache, weakness
Diagnostic criteria
hyponatremia, hyptonicity, low urine output, no abnormalities with adrenal, renal or thyroid
Treatment
water restriction, saline administration, medication to block ADH effects, medication to increase urine
Cushing Syndrome
caused by
endocrine impairment
tumors of pituitary/adrenal gland
excess levels of hormones
glucocorticoids
Manfestations
behavioral changes, obesity in trunk/face (moon face), osteoporosis, straie on trunk
Diagnostic criteria
urine levels of cortisol elevated, imaging studies to reveal tumors, clinical manifestations
Treatment
surgery/radiation for tumors, corticosteroid medication
Diabetes Insipidus
Caused by
low hormone levels (ADH)
Impairment of endocrine gland
poor secretion of posterior pituitary
Manifestations
polyuria, dehydration, shock
Diagnostic Criteria
bladder enlargement, dehydration, urine specific gravity less than 200
Treatment
hydration, DDAVP
Hyperthyroidism
Caused by
Excessive hormone release
Impairment of endocrine gland
Manifestations
weight loss, restlessness, sweating, tachycardia, heat intolerance
Diagnostic criteria
measurement of thyroxine, patient history, enlarged thyroid, low TSH
Low TSH caused by negative feedback loop
Treatment
Reduce hormone levels
thyroid hormone blocking medications, radioactive iodine
Addison Disease
Caused by
lack of hormone secretion
Impairment of endocrine gland
adrenal cortices destroyed/nonfunctional
destroyed pituitary gland
Manifestations
hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membranes
Diagnostic Criteria
hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, low corticosteroid levels
Treatment
IV fluid, hydrocortisone sodium/phosphate, oral glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones
Hypothyroidism
Caused by
Low thyroid hormone levels
Impairment of endocrine gland
Manifestations
cold intolerance, constipation, weight gain, lethargy
Diagnostic Criteria
Serum thyroid hormones decreased, TSH high, clinical manifestations
Treatment
Replace hormones with synthetic levothyroxine