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Electrons in Metal, Energy Band, The measure of how easily charges flow…

- - - - Electrons cannot all be in the lowest energy state, since this would violate the Pauli Principle.
    - - Fermi-Dirac Distribution
        
        at T = 0 K
        
        at T > 0 K
    - - Particles in a box are restricted to quantized energy levels.
        
        in 3D
      - The outer-shell electrons are free to move through the metal but are trapped within a 3D box formed by the metal surfaces.
      - Density of States
      - Electrons per Unit Volume
  - - - Verifies OHM'S LAW
      - Explains Electrical & Thermal conductivity
      - Derives Wiedmann - Franz Law
    - - Different Electrical conductivity-Temperature relation than experimented
      - Different ratio between thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity
      - Different electronic specific heat (3/2 R) where it's actually smaller(0.01R)