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Types of Hormone & Metabolic Dysfunction - Coggle Diagram
Types of Hormone & Metabolic Dysfunction
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH)
Produced by the Hypothalamus
High levels = water retention
Low levels = water loss (urination)
Clinical Manifestations (rapid onset of hyponatremia)
headache
vomiting
disorientation
muscle cramps
nausea
weakness
anorexia
Excessive production & release of ADH
Common cause: a tumor in the body which is secreting ectopic ADH
Treatment
Severe hyponatremia
isotonic/hypotonic intravenous solutions
Medications may be used to block the effects of ADH or to increase urine output if removing the cause is not feasible
Mild hyponatremia
Water restriction
Hypothyroidism
deficient thyroid hormone
impaired TSH/TRH secretion
Destruction of thyroid gland
Clinical manifestations
weakness
weight gain
cold intolerance
dry skin
fatigue
course hair
constipation
impaired reproduction
impaired memory
Treatment
Lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy
Addison DIsease
ACTH deficiency
shock
death
severe hypotension
Autoimmune destruction of the layers of the adrenal cortex
Hormones involved & clinical manifestations
mineralcocorticoids
dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypotension, weakness fatigue, shock
androgens
sparse anxillary and pubic hair
Glucocorticoids
Hypoglycemia, weakness, poor stress response, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, personality changes
Treatment
isotonic IV fluid replacement
Hyperthyroidism
Excessive thyroid hormone production
negative feedback loop impaired
Graves disease (common cause)
Clinical manifestations
agitation
restlessness
weight loss
sweating
heat intolerance
fine air
oily skin
irregular menstrual cycle (women)
Treatment
reducing thyroid hormone levels through gland destruction
medications (block hormone production)
surgically removing of all/part of thyroid gland
full removal = lifelong supplements with oral thyroid hormone replacement therapy
radioactive iodine
Cushing Syndrome
tumors of the adrenal gland
ectopic production of ACTH/CRH from tumor
tumors of the pituitary gland
Long term admin - corticosteroid medications (prednisone)
Clinical manifestations
increased infections
hirustism (excessive body hair)
thin and atrophic skin
muscle weakness
extreme weakness
Striae (stretch marks)
obesity: trunk, face, upper back
changes in pubic and axillary hair growth (women)
behavioral chnages
Treatment
surgery or radiation to remove tumors
Diabetes Insipidus
impairment of hypothalamic osmoreceptors after surgery/trauma near hypothalamus
Clinical manifestations
Loss of fluids
serum hyperosmolarity & severe dehydration
Shock and death can occur if untreated
loss of ADH: results in polyuria & excessive thirst
Urine is highly dilute with low specific gravity