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Neuroma, Fibroma, Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma, Gingival Hyperplasia,…
Neuroma
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Oral Characteristics
small, firm nodules covered by normal mucosa. They may be painful when palpated but otherwise do not cause pain.
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Fibroma
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Oral Characteristics
IO: Nodular, exophytic growths that may be pedunculated with smooth surface texture and firm consistency. Same color or slightly lighter than surrounding tissue. The surface of the lesion may be ulcerated in trauma continues. The tissue is fibrous connective tissue.
Most frequently found on tongue, buccal mucosa, and lips
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Treatment
Surgical removal is needed but will recur unless the source has been removed. Microscopically, the tissue does not exhibit inflammation
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Gingival Hyperplasia
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Epidemiology
Associated with medications occurs in 50% of those taking Phenytoin, 27% taking Cyclosporine and 10-20% taking cal. channel blocker
Equal distribution between age, gender and races
Etiology
Chronic inflammation associated with biofilm, medications, or local factors such as calculus
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Treament
Surgery to remove excess tissue may be needed when the factor responsible is removed and the tissue does not return to a normal state.
Lymphoid Hyperplasia
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Epidemiology
Acceleration of lymphoid tissue is found in AIDS patients. Some tissue may have an appearance similar to cancer, and the etiology must be ruled out.
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Treatment
Tx is not necessary unless tissue impede oral functions such as eating or is chronically traumatized
Sarcoidosis
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Oral Characteristics
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IO: Can be firm or spongy papular or nodular growths found on gingiva, lips, palate, buccal mucosa, or tongue.
EO: Can affect any organ but the respiratory system is the main target. Including shortness of breath and persistent cough
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Ranula
Oral Characteristics
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Obstruction may occur because of trauma or because of a sialolith (salivary gland stone). When the ranula herniates through the mylohyoid muscle, it is called a plunging ranula
Well-circumscribes, firm and bluish to reddish in color
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Bacterial Sialadenitis
Etiology
Pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae
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Oral Chacteristics
Overgrowth of bacteria in a gland that is not producing adequate amounts of saliva. Acinar and ductal inflammation occur and lead to destruction over time. Exudate from the tissue/gland is cultured to find out what type of infection is occurring.
Treatment
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Analgesics are used to help pain, and a moist compresses, rehydration, and stimulation of salivary flow
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Sjogren Syndrome
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Oral characteristics
The destruction of the exocrine glands—especially the salivary and lacrimal glands are affected; T cells cause damage and destruction to the acini that result in loss of function
Dry eyes are observed with the disorder. Sensitivity to sunlight is another finding. If not managed, the cornea can become eroded and ulcerated. The most significant finding in the dental office involves severe oral dryness
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Treatment
Managing symptoms of disease such as, artificial saliva and tears, fluoride, home care and modifications of diet
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Fibrosarcoma
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Oral Characteristics
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IO: gradually enlarging, painless mass. Ulceration of the surface, secondary to trauma may occur as lesion enlarges. Paraesthesia and loosening of teeth can occur with enlargement
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Neurofibroma
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Oral chacteristics
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IO: slow growing smooth surfaced asymptomatic mass. Most common found tongue and buccal muscoa but can be found anywhere IO
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Treatment
Surgical removal is needed, and chance of recurrence is low
Rhabdomyosarcoma
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Etiology
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Several genetic syndromes including neurofibromatosis and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, environmental agents, and intrauterine radiation exposure have been suggested as an etiology
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Epidemiology
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If the lesion has spread, the survival rate drops to 30%
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Lipoma
Oral Characteristics
Lipoma favors the buccal mucosa, followed by the tongue and the floor of the mouth.
Benign
IO: superficial, smooth surfaced, soft, mass with yellowish color
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Treatment
Surgical removal is the treatment of choice. The malignant type is the Liposarcoma-Recurrence is noted and follow-up should be extensive
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Pleomorphic Adenoma
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Oral Characteristics
IO: Painless, slow growing firm mass usually lower superficial lobe of parotid gland
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Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
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Oral Characteristics
IO: Mostly found on parotid gland with asymptomatic swelling, longer the tumor is present the more likely symptoms will occur such as pain and facial nerve paralysis
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Acinic Cell Carcinoma
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Epidemiology
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At 20 years, the survival rate is about 55
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Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
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Oral Chacteristics
Slow growing and may be tender. Facial nerve involvement may mean a later stage cancer. Pain is often reported
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Lymphangioma
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Oral chacteristics
EO: most common location is head and neck; Cystic hygromas may cause respiratory obstruction and become life threathening
IO: painless nodules that may be translucent or bluish and have the pebbly or bubbly surface; blood vessel may develop in the lesion. When lesions are palpated, a cracking sound (crepitus) sound occurs
Treatment
Depend of size, location and compositions of malformation
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Epidemiology
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Rare in the United States
Vascular tumor
Equal sex distribution
May be superficial or deep within the tissues
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Thyroglossal Tract Cyst
Etiology
proliferation of remnants of epithelial cells that line the thyroglossal tract during embryonic development
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Oral Characteristics
EO: most commonly on midline of neck; well-circumscribed, nontender, mobil masses, usually between 2-4 cm. Dysphonia (voice chance) can occur with larger lesions
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Dermoid Cyst
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Treatment
When in the floor of the mouth, chewing, swallowing, and speech may be affected and cause the patient to seek treatment
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Oral Characteristics
Painless, slow-growing, soft midline mass—usually in the floor of the mouth
Cyst may contain sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles, and tooth-like structure.
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