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CHAPTER 1 - OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN MALAYSIA …

- - - - i. Trade Unionism
        This principle argues that employees and their employers have the rights in trade union such as the right to organize unions, join unions, and engage in union activities.
      - ii. Union Recognition
        Employee unions must be recognized by employers as a legal or official representation before they can represent employees to bargain individually or collectively, according to the principle.
      - iii. Collective Bargaining
        This concept governs how employee unions negotiate the terms and conditions of employment and work for employees with employers, and how they can reach binding and enforceable written agreements with employers integrating the terms and conditions reached.
      - iv. Dispute Resolution
        This is a principle that aims to provide an effective means of resolving disputes between disputing parties. Instead of aggressive methods or industrial action, employers, employees, and their unions should, if possible, be prevented through a grievance mechanism or collective bargaining, and if not, be settled through conciliation or arbitration (i.e. strikes, lockouts etc).
- - - - improve productivity of workers
    - - Reduce unemployment rate
    - - Help in political stability