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Hormonal & Metabolic Dysfunction - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Diagnosis includes laboratory findings of-
        Hyponapatremia (sodium less than 135mEq/L)
        Hypotonicity (plasma osmolarity less than 280 mOsm/kg)
        decreased urine output
        highly concentrated urine with high sodium
        absence of renal or adrenal abnormalities
        
        Treatment includes removing the cause. Water restriction can be done as therapy. IV solutions may be administered in severe cases. Medications can be given to block the affects of ADH.
- - - - Diagnosis is done through patient history, physical examination, or checking for head trauma or a tumor. Laboratory will include serum concentrations, ADH levels, and urine specific gravity.
        
        Treatments include drinking fluids, use of desmopressin for an antidiuretic.
- - - - Diagnosis includes patient history and physical examination. Measurement of TSH and a screening test.
        
        Treatment includes reducing thryroid hormone levels through gland destruction by radioactive iodine, or surgical removal of the gland.
- - - - Diagnosis includes labratory studies for sensitive TSH assay, free T4, total T4, and T3 uptake, thyroid autoantibodies, and anthyroglobin.
        
        Treatment includes replacing the deficient hormone with hopes in replacing TSH, T4 an T3 levels and alleviating symptoms. Medications include levothyroxine.
- - - - Diagnosis includes a 24 hour urine collection during elevated cortisol levels. False positives can occur with alcoholism, obesity, and renal failure. Imaging can be done to locate tumor.
        
        Treatment includes removing the cause through surgery or radiation. Corticosteroid medications can be given to avert an adrenal crisis.
- - - - Diagnosis includes labratory analysis looking for electrolyte levels showing hypoatremia and hyperkalemia.
        
        Treatment includes isotonic IV fluid with hydrocortisone sodium supinate or phosphate to improve blood pressure. Oral medications of. gluccocorticoids or mineralcorticoids and watching salt intake.