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Grammar - Coggle Diagram
Grammar
el imperfecto y el preterito
can be used to talk about repeated actions, or habits, in the past
https://youtu.be/FOdbjs1AECc
https://youtu.be/qtS5FD8f8wU
the preterite tense is used to refer to a single event that happened at a specific point of time or had a specific duration in the past
PRACTICA
https://www.spanishdict.com/quizzes/64/preterite-vs-imperfect-in-spanish
https://conjuguemos.com/grammar/229
https://youtu.be/eaDYhZMUAew
https://youtu.be/smlNaB1JTcs
https://youtu.be/D4e1YBTeVUQ
imperfect: can replace the English word 'was doing'
Ser v Estar
ESTAR
you can think of estar as similar to the English verb 'stay'
can be thought of as a state which is changeable
SER
On its own, ser describes identity or existence
also used with:
pronoun or noun
adjectives of nationality
an infinitive
Mi sueno es jugar al futbol en la copa mundial
a clause
a past participle to form the passive voice
Fue construido en 1988
to talk about where an event takes place
PRACTICA
https://www.spanishdict.com/quizzes/41/ser-vs-estar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8aTsiB6pHc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFXGCUi2yls
Grammar resources
https://getrevising.co.uk/
https://www.youtube.com/user/spanishpod101
https://quizlet.com/254443148/a-level-spanish-grammar-flash-cards/
https://www.spanishdict.com/guide
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_jb14dkNKQU
https://filestore.aqa.org.uk/resources/spanish/specifications/AQA-7692-SP-2016.PDF
Los Pronombres
https://www.spanishdict.com/lists/search?q=pronouns
Possessive pronouns
mío, mía, míos, mías (mine)
tuyo, tuya, tuyos, tuyas (yours—informal singular)
suyo, suya, suyos, suyas (his, hers, theirs, yours—formal singular and plural)
nuestro, nuestra, nuestros, nuestras (ours)
Direct object pronouns (replaces a noun)
me, te, lo, la in the singular
nos, os, los, las in the plural.
The object pronoun usually comes before the verb
Don't use the subject pronouns (other than usted and ustedes) with verbs except for emphasis or clarity. Make sure you choose the correct form of the verb.
Indirect object pronouns (tells you to whom or for whom something is done)
me, te, le in the singular
nos, os, les in the plural.
none of the indirect pronouns vary according to gender.
Reflexive pronouns eg. i wash myself. Pronoun + infinitive-se (Me ducharse)
Me, te, se, nos, os, se
https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/impersonal-se-vs-passive-se
El imperativo
used to give instructions and commands
POSITIVE INFORMAL
TU- use the present tu form without the s
VOSOTRAS- use the infinitive, replace the r with a d
IRREGULARS
pronouns are tacked onto the end and accents changed
NEGATIVE
negative word + correct subjunctive conjugation
POSITIVE FORMAL
third person of present subjunctive
PRACTICA
https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/spanish-imperative-mood
Por v Para
PARA
'in order to'
Para
phrases:
Para qué (for what reason)
Para dónde where to)
Para que (so that/in order that)
Para variar (just for a change)
Para siempre (forever)
Para ti (for you)
Para is used to talk about destinations, recipients, deadlines, and goals.
purpose
POR
Por
phrases:
Por favor (please)
Por supuesto (of course)
Por ejemplo (for example)
Por ciento (percent)
por qué (why)
por fin (finally)
Por is used to talk about movement, modes and means of travel and communication, exchanges, duration, and motivation, among other things.
reason
Por + infinitive + uncompleted action
e.g Eso queda por hacer
PRACTICA
https://www.spanishdict.com/quizzes/10/por-vs-para
https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/por-vs-para
Pics & Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcpw-ZXBRSc
Subjunctive
https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/spanish-present-subjunctive
Present subjunctive irregulars
DISHES
Dar
de
Ir
vaya
Ser
sea
Haber
haya
Ester
este
Saber
sepa
https://youtu.be/-Vz8VUI4Anc
WEIRDO
https://youtu.be/YuKK1Ir3TOs
Emotion
Impersonal expressions
Impersonal expressions don’t reference a specific person. Rather, they make reference to people in general and are used to make general statements or questions about what they, one, or you do
Request/recommendation
Doubt
Ordering/Ojala
Wishes
PRACTICA
https://conjuguemos.com/activities/spanish/verb/1#4
https://www.spanishdict.com/quizzes/68/subjunctive-vs-indicative-in-spanish
Other
Impersonal se vs passive se
Impersonal
: reference to people in general, not a specific person.
se + a third person singular verb
Passive
: something that happened to an object without saying who or what carried out the action.
se + a third person singular verb
or
a third person plural verb
(depending on what is being discussed)
Passive examples
Se vende coche usado - Used car for sale, Se vende
n
coche
s
usado
s
- Used cars for sale
Impersonal examples
Se come bien en la playa - You eat well at the beach, Se duerme mejor con la conciencia tranquil - One sleeps better with a clear conscience
