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vowels in English - Coggle Diagram

- - - - front vowels
    - - Earth [ɛ]
        
        Teacher [ə]
        
        Nut [ʌ]
  - - - mid
        
        low-open
        
        high-close
- - - - long vowels
        
        /:/
        
        only one symbol in the IPA
        
        /i:/ week /wi:k/, feet /fi:t/, media /ˈmiː.di.jə/
        
        /ɑ:/ hard /ha:d/, park /pa:k/, article /ɑː.tɪ.kl/
        
        /ɔ:/ fork /fɔ:k/, walk /wɔ:k/, August /ɔːˈɡəst/
        
        /ɜ:/ heard /hɜ:d/, word /wɜ:d/, surface /ˈsɜː.fɪs/
        
        /u:/ boot /bu:t/, group /gru:p/, beautiful /ˈbjuː.tɪ.ful/
      - dipthongs
  - - - short vowels
        
        /ɪ/ – fit /fit/, pick /pik/, difficult /ˈdɪ.fɪ.kəlt/
        
        /e/ – pet /pet/, sent /sent/, attention /əˈten.ʃən/
        
        /æ/ – pat /pæt/, flat /flæt/, family /ˈfæ.mi.li/
        
        /ʌ/ – cut /kʌt/ jump /dʒʌmp/, cover /ˈkʌ.və/
        
        /ʊ/ – put /pʊt/, book /bʊk/, cushion /ˈkʊ.ʃən/
        
        /ɒ/ – pot /pɒt/, dog /dɒg/, hospital /ˈhɒs.pɪ.tl/
        
        /ə/ – about /əˈbaʊt/, system /ˈsɪs.təm/, complete /kəmˈpliːt/.
  - - - selected vowels which can be used as points of reference from which other vowels can be measured.
        
        Cardinal vowel no. 1. /i/ front close unrounded vowel
        
        Cardinal vowel no. 2. /e/ front half-close unrounded vowel
        
        Cardinal vowel no. 3. /3/ front half open unrounded vowel
        
        Cardinal vowel no. 4. / a/ front open unrounded vowel.
        
        Cardinal vowel no. 5. / α / back open unrounded vowel
        
        Cardinal vowel no. 6. /ɔ / back half open rounded vowel
        
        Cardinal vowel no. 7. /o/ back half-close rounded vowel
        
        Cardinal vowel no. 8. /u/ back close vowel rounded