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aldehyde, 2° alcohol, Hydration of alkyne (except ethyne), Reduction of…
aldehyde
Reduction reaction
+H2 , Ni
RCHO
1° alcohol
+LiAlH4
1° alcohol
Clemmensen reaction
Zn-Hg , conc' H2SO4 , ∆
Alkane
with Grignard reagent (RMgBr)
+other aldehyde
dry ether
H2O/H+, ∆
2° alcohol
+ketone
dry ether
H2O/H+, ∆
3° alcohol
+methnal
dry ether
H2O/H+, ∆
1° alcohol
with NaOH
Aldol condensation
(have α-hydrogen)
Aldol
(
Ald
ehyde + Alcoh
ol
)
Cannizaro reaction
+NaOH (no α-hydrogen)
alcohol + RCOONa
Iodoform test
CH3-CH=O
I2/NaOH(aq)
CHI3
+ HCOONa
oxidation
R-CH=O
Fehling's solution
R-COONa +
Cu2O
Tollen's reagent // Silver mirror test
Ag(NH3)2NO3 / Ag(NH3)2+ / Ag(NH3)2OH
RCOONH4+
2Ag
+H20+3NH3
KMnO4/H+
R-COOH
condensation reaction
+2,4-DNPH
-H2O
addition reaction
R-CH=O
+alcohol
hemiacetal
acetal
+HCN
R-CH(OH)-CN
LiAlH4 //H2
R-CH(OH)-CH2NH2 Amide
dilute H2SO4 // H2O/H+
R-CH(OH)-COOH Carboxylic acid
2° alcohol
ketone
Oxidation
Carboxylic acid + CO2 +H2O
Iodoform Test
CHI3
+ RCOONa
Grignard Reaction
3°alcohol
Addition
+alcohol
Hemiketal
Ketal
+HCN
Reduction
2° alcohol
2°alcohol
Clemmensen Reaction
Alkane
Ketol Reaction
Ketol
condensation reaction
+2,4-DNPH
-H2O
KMnO4/H+
R-C(R')=O
Hydration of alkyne (except ethyne)
+H2O
H2SO4/HgSO4
RC(OH)=CH2
Rearrange
R-C(CH3)=O
Reduction of alkylhalide
CH3-C(Cl)O
+H2
Pd/BaSO4 , ∆
CH3CHO + HCl
Hydration of ethyne
+H20
H2SO4/HgSO4
CH2=CH(OH)
Rearrange
CH3-CHO
oxidation of 1° alcohol
1° alcohol
KMnO4/H+
R-CH=O
NaOH, sodium tartarate + CuSO4
KMnO4/H+
conc' H2SO4, ∆
I2/NaOH
Dry ether
H2O/H+
+H2, Ni, 180°C
LiAlH4
Zn-Hg, conc' HCl, ∆
(with α-hydrogen)
reflux with
dilute H2SO4
LiAlH4
Dry
HCl
Dry HCl
dry HCl
dry HCl
Ba(OH)2
01 Adrina Yap Jing Yee
03 Chan Ven Jane
04 Chee Jia Yee
22 Tan Zi Yi
25 Wong Yu Wan
