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Eco-Evo-Devo: developmental symbiosis and developmental plasticity as…
Eco-Evo-Devo: developmental symbiosis and developmental plasticity as evolutionary agents.
Eco-Evo-Devo
combines developmental plasticity, developmental symbiosis, extragenic inheritance, genetic accommodation, and the construction of niches.
Developmental symbiosis
generates organs
creates genetic variation that is selectable
can give mechanism for reproductive isolation
can start evolutionary transitions in a species
Developmental plasticity
generates unusual phenotypes
starting transitions in evolution
changes dynamics in an ecosystem
variations in adaptations in different species
metaorganisms
The interactions between microbial and eukaryotic species
species studied in isolation can not allow us to understand physiology
health/fitness of an organism depends on the interactions with different species and many organisms
selection acts on groups of genomes and species which means metaorganisms will play a role in evolution.
necessary for the function of the organism that the metaorganism is inhabiting.
microbial symbionts
give organisms a secondary mode of inheritance via genetics
this can happen via the egg or the environment that the mother is inhabiting.
can allow the host organism to survive better in many different environments
symbiotic bacteria can give organisms the ability to tolerate temperatures better and also resist parasitoids.
can affect the phenotype of the holobiont
reproductive isolation is needed for speciation
It is thought that microorganisms living in these organisms may assist in the modes of isolation that can lead to speciation
cell formation via the endosymbiotic theory
eukaryotes arose via the combining of genes, bacterial cells, and archaea
Choanoflagellates are thought to have worked with bacteria to form the type of multicellularity found in animals.
respond to bacteria by producing either unicellular or colonial morphotypes
origin of mammals with placentas
thought to be caused by symbiosis
combination of different retroviruses
produced a uterine decidual cell that was responsive to progesterone
produced a placenta in mammals with syncytin fusion proteins
conclusions
it is thought that the holobiont is what natural selection acts on
The environment only affects phenotype because of how plasticity transforms it.
organisms can change the environment and vice versa
citation
Gilbert S, Bosch T, et al. 2015. Eco-Evo-Devo: developmental symbiosis and developmental plasticity as evolutionary agents. Nature Reviews. 16(10):611-622