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LANGUAGE - Coggle Diagram
LANGUAGE
Human Language Properties
Arbitrariness
No natural, inherent relationship between the signs
Enables to evolve
Existing signs can come to mean new things
New signs can be introduced for existing things
Duality
Discrete sounds
no inherent meaning
Unlimited number of distinct meanings
Created by combining sounds in certain ways
Structure dependence
Displacement
Use the language to talk about times, places and people
Enables to say things which we know to be false
Cultural transmission
Children need to be exposed to a language (and culture) in order to acquire it.
Productivity
Creates new utterances
Combines the ‘building bricks’ of language in new ways
Words
Sounds
Sentences
Other features
Reflexiveness
We can use the language to talk about language
Discreteness
The sounds of a language differ sufficiently from one another
Animal communication
Language acquisition
First Language Acquisition
innate characteristics
structure of the vocal tract
ability to understand a number of general grammatical principles
acquire whatever language is spoken around them
Bilingualism
The use of two languages
Second Language Acquisition
more successful
immersed in the cultures of the communities
in cultures in which acquiring a second language is expected
Multilingualism
The use of more than two languages
Proto Language
Hypothetical or reconstructed
Typically extinct language from which a number of attested
Are believed to have descended by evolution
Form a language family
Language varieties
Dialects
Variety of language
Scottish English
Australian English
Dutch German
Chinese
Social Varieties
Creoles
a mother tongue formed from the contact of a European language with a local languages
Haitian creole
French + African languages
Luisiana Creole
French + Spanish + African languages
Gullah
English + African languages
Chavacano
Spanish + Phillipine languages
Palenquero
Spanish + Kongo language
Most Spoken Languages
Chinese
1.2 billion speakers
Spanish
400 million native speakers
English
335 million speakers
What is Language?
System of conventional spoken, manual or written symbols