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XII - Indian History
Kings, Farmers, and Towns
Early States and…
XII - Indian History
Kings, Farmers, and Towns
Early States and Economies
(c. 600 BCE - 600 CE)Link Title
Chronology
600-500: BCE Paddy transplantation, urbanisation in the Ganga valley, Emergence of Mahajanapadas; punch marked coins
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1810: Colin Mackenzie collects over 8,000 inscriptions in Sanskrit and Dravidian languages.
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1886: First issue of Epigraphia Camatica, journal of South Indian inscriptions.
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606-647 CE: Harshavardhana king of Kanauj; Chinese pilgrim Xuan Zang comes in search of Budhist texts
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200-100 BCE: Indo-Greek rule in the northwest; Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas in south India; Satavahanas in the Deccan
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100 BCE-200 BCE: Shakas (people from central Asia) rulers in the northwest; Roman trader; gold coinage
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The Mauryan Empire
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Magasthenes was a greek ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya (greek influence from the Alexander times)
Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan empire - Afganistan to Baluchistan and whole of India - 321 BCE (2300 YA)
Arthashastra, a political manual was probably composed by Kautiliya - also known as Chanakya was a minister in CM court. It is a great source of information for this empires (CM)
Buddhist, Jains, Puranic literature
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What was Dhamma?: inscriptions by Ashoka that included respect towards elders, generosity towards Brahmanas and those have renounced worldly life, treating slaves and servants kindly, religions and traditions other than one's.
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Terms
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Tamilakam: The name of the ancient Tamil country which included the parts of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala.
Megaliths: Stone structures which were built by some communities of South India over the grave of the dead.
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Gahapati: owner, master, or head of the household
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects.
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Towns
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Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW): fine pottery bowls and dishes with a glossy finish - recovered from the excavations
Materials used during this time - gold, silver, bronze, copper, ivory, glass, shell, and terracota
People who lived in towns:washing folks, blacksmiths, officials, religious leaders, merchants, and kings
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Coins
Punch marked coins issued by kings, also by merchants, banks, and townspeople
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Kushanas issued the first and largest hoard of gold coins (similar to Romans and Parthian rulers of Iran/0
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Deciphering inscriptions
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Deciphering Kharoshi
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Coins had greek and kharoshi inscription on either sides. This made is easy to decipher the Kharoshi script
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