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Social/ Behavioral Socialization - Coggle Diagram
Social/ Behavioral Socialization
Self-Regulation/ Behavior
Begins at age 2 years old
Continuous process, outcome of affective, cognitive, social forces.
emotional regulation: control anger & show empathy Prosocial: any behavior that benefits other people, altruism, sharing, cooperation. Honesty/ Integrity. Anti-social: behavior that harms another person, aggression, violence, and crime.
Anti-social Behavior: Aggression:4 general theories are 1. Biological: evolution, genetics, neuroscience. 2. Social Cognitive theory: Learning theory, Information Processing Theory. 3. Socialculture Theories: Peers, Community. 4. Ecological Theories:
Prosocial Behavior: Altruism increase as children age. Altruistic behavior falls into 5 general categories: 1. Biological. 2. Social Cognitive Theories: Learning theory, Instruction, Learning by Doing. 3. Cognitive Development Theories: Perspective-taking, Moral Reasoning. 4. Social Interaction Theory: Communication, Parenting Style. Sociocultural Theories.
Morals
Individuals evaluation of what is right or wrong.
Influences on Moral Development:
Situational: An individual is often influenced by actual moral behavior. Cognitive factors involve the judgement of the situation, age of the child, cultural orientation.
Individual Contexts: Temperament, Self-control, Self-esteem, Intelligence and Education, Social Interactions, Emotional
Socialization Context: Family, Peers, School, Mass Media, Community
Moral Development
Moral code developed through social interactions and a reflection of one's ablitity to distinguish wrong or right action.
Piaget's theory
Heteronomous mortality: Children think of rules as absolutes and can not change the rules.
Autonomous Mortality: children realize that rules are arbitrary agreements that can be changed by those who follow them. (Baseball)
Kohlberg's Theory
Preconventional 1st Stage: Individuals consider and weighs the personal consequences of behavior.
Conventional Middle stage: individual can look beyond personal consequences and consider other's perspectives.
Postconventional Last stage: Individuals considers and weighs the value behind various consequences from various points of views.
Criticism: 1. Moral reasoning/ Moral behavior 2. Interviewing technique 3. Culture bias 4. Gender bias
Gilligan's Perspective: Justice Moral Perspective: emphasizes the rights of the individuals; when individuals conflict, equitable rules justice must prevail.
Care Moral Perspective: views people in terms of their connectedness with others; other's welfare is intrinsically connected to one's own.
Gender Roles
The qualities an individual understands to characterize males and females in his or her culture.
Gender is psychological construct, Sex is physical construct.
Development of Gender Roles
Sex Typing: classification into ender based of biological sex.
Theories of gender develoment
Consencus that biological, cognitive, social factors interactively contribute to sex type behavior.
Psychoanalytical Theory (Freud) : How one feels
Social Cognitive Theory (Mischel, Bandura): How one behaves according to sex.
Cognitive Development Theory (Kohlberg): how one reasons about one's sex.
Gender Schema Theory: (Bem, Martin, Halverson): Process information about oneself as male or female by perceiving gender-linked information.
Influences of development of gender roles
Family mothers and father both act differently with their children of the opposite sex as themselves.
Individual differences in sex typing parental involvement, maternal work status, and parent's roles in the home.
Peers
Community
Mass Media