METHODOLOGY

Study 1: Systematic review of the literature

Objectives

  1. To explore barriers and facilitators to effective TBIC measures in resource-constrained primary healthcare settings

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  1. To examine the effectiveness of TBIC measures in reduing TB cases in resource-poor primary healthcare setting

Study 2

Health facility survey

Study sites

Quantitative study design

sampling technique and sample size

Highlands region

Momase region

Sampling - convenience sampling

Rural hospitals

random selection of all health workers employed in rural hospital

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Purposive sampling using maximum variation sampling technique

available to where researcher is located

geographical proximity

easy accessibility

availability of health facility

Study 3

Sampling and sample size: Purposive sampling using MVT with KIs, 216 KIs

Methods: Semi-structured interviews, document reviews & observation, FGD

study design: qualitative exploratory study

Data analysis: Inductive thematic analysis, guided by SEM theories, constant comparison

HCWs perceptions of factors shaping implementation of TBIC measures in rural hospitals in highlands and momase regions of PNG

What do HCWs consider to be barriers and facilitators that could shape the implementation of TBIC measures in rural hospitals in the highlands and momase regions of PNG?

What factors (internal and external) shapes the implementation of TBIC measures in rural hospitals in the highlands and momase regions of PNG?

Study settings/sites: Highlands and Momase regions, rural/district hospitals

Study 4

To explore the TBIC measures that are most important for rural hospitals

study design: qualitative study design

method: Nominal Group Technique

Reaching consensus on the most important TBIC measures in rural hospitals

What are the most important TBIC measures at the rural hospitals and why?

Group discussions

data analysis: content analysis, inductively guided by SEM

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Methods

Data collection

Quality assessment

Results

Study progress

PRISMA framework

Studies that report on administrative, environmental, and personal respiratory control

Five online databases

  1. Snow Balling
  1. PubMed
  1. Embase
  1. ProQuest
  1. ScienceDirect
  1. Scopus

Data analysis

Narrative synthesis

Categorised according to WHO TBIC guidelines

15 studies included for data extraction

Evidence of environmental control in reducing TB spread

Evidence of respiratory control in reducing TB spread

Evidence of administrative control measures in reducing TB spread

Reported on multiple TBIC barriers and enablers to TBIC measures in resource-poor health settings