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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERALISM BAB 3 PART 2 - Coggle Diagram
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND FEDERALISM BAB 3 PART 2
Jurisdiction of Federal Government
Citizenship
Education
Home affairs
Public works ( electricity, gas & energy)
National defense
Trade, commerce and enterprise
Foreign affairs
Finance
Government
Agriculture & forestry
State administrative machineries
Land
State public holidays
Shariah law for Muslims (individual & family)
Heritage sites, museums, libraries and monuments
Local governments
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Scholarship
Town and rural planning
Public welfare
Public health
Sewage, drainage & waterways
Cultural activities
Housing and housing allocations
Comparing
FEDERATION
CONFEDERATION
UNION
ISSUES
Centre of power
Citizens’
relations
Authority flow
Chances of separation
Example
UK,
Singapore
Malaysia, U.S.A,
Canada
1 more item...
Very low
Quite moderate
Very high
One way: Top –Down
Two ways
One way: Bottom - Up
Direct
Direct with both
Through each states
Central government
Federal & State
State