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Altered Elimination, Urinary Dysfunction, Bowel Dysfunction, Disease…
Altered Elimination
Urinary Dysfunction
Alteration in Neuromuscular function
Disease Example:
Urinary Incontinence (enuresis)
Treatment: bladder training, surgery, anticholinergic medications,
Causes:
-Failure or exaggerated neural signal transduction.
-Failure of appropriate muscle response
Consequences:
Limited or absent ability to eliminate urine
Incontinence
Alteration in Patency
Example:
Urolithiasis
Treatment: Supportive care (pain control), medical therapy to promote passage of stone, or surgery.
Cause: Blockage of structures due to obstruction
Consequences: Blockage of urine flow, Dilation of the structures proximal to obstruction & Structural damage
Alteration in Motility
Disease Example: urinary retention
Treatment: Catheterization
Cause: Reduced contraction of hollow structures i.e. Renal tubules and Ureters
Consequences:
-Altered reabsorption and secretion
-Risk of obstruction
Alteration in Perfusion
Cause: Inadequate arterial blood supply
Consequences: -Ischemia and Infarction of renal structures
Disease Example:
Polycystic kidney disease
Treatment: Arteriovenous fistula, or Arteriovenous shunt
Bowel Dysfunction
Altered Neuromuscular function
Disease Example:
Functional Fecal Incontinence
Treatment: assistive devices, pharmacological
Cause: -Neural signal transduction or muscle responsiveness, -Abdominal surgery, electrolyte imbalances, peritonitis, spinal trauma, -Narcotic analgesia, -Emotional stress, -Reduced activity.
Altered Motility
Disease Example:
Diarrhea
Treatment: Pharmacotherapy e.g. antidiarrheal drugs, fluid
Causes: Altered water and vitamin absorption, Altered storage time, Risk for obstruction
Consequences: Constipation & Diarrhea
Altered Perfusion
Causes: reduced or absent of blood flow due to obstruction; a clot or mass
Consequences: ischemia, infarction, or pain
Altered Patency
Causes: bowel obstruction due to lesions (tumors, polyps, impacted feces); partial or total
Consequences: decreased absorption, distention, perforation
Disease Example:
Diverticular disease
Treatment: Surgical removal of obstruction, bowel resection, colostomy,