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Alcohols - Coggle Diagram
Alcohols
Phenols
+NaOH
Sodium Phenoxide
+Na
H2
+Na2O
+Acyl Halide
Reactions on the ring
Nitration
with Dilute HNO3
Nitrophenols
with Conc. HNO3
Trinitrophenol
Sulphonation
with Dilute H2SO4
p-phenolsulphonic acid
with Conc. H2SO4
o-phenolsulphonic acid
Halogenation
Halophenols
With FeCl3
Violet- coloured solution
Primary Alcohols
Mild oxidation with Copper at 300 C
Aldehydes
Aldehydes without alpha hydrogens
Cannizzaro Reaction
Oxidation
Reduction
Oxidation
Fehling's Solution Test
CuSO4 + NaOH
Cu2O
Tollen's Reagent Test
AgNO3 +Conc. NH3
Ag
With KMnO4
Ethanal
Ethanol
Strong Oxidation
General Reactions
Substitution
With Elemental Sodium
Sodium Alkoxide
Halogenation
PCl3
Haloalkanes
PCl5
HCl
Esterification
With Carboxylic Acids
Esters
With Acyl Halides
Dehydration
Intermolecular Dehydration
Conc.H2SO4 at 140 C
Ethers
Al2O3 at 240 C
Intramolecular Dehydration
Conc.H2SO4 at 170 C
Al2O3 at 360 C
Alkenes
Secondary Alcohols
Strong oxidation of secondary alcohols
Ketones
Common reactions
Reduction
Reduction with Hydrogen or LiAlH4
Ketones
Aldehydes
Clemmesen Reaction
(+Zinc Almagam with Conc. HCl)
Alkanes
Addition
+Hydrogen Cyanide
Nitriles
Hydrolysis
Carboxylic Acids
1 more item...
Reduction
Amines
With alcohols
Aldehydes
+Dry HCl
Hemiacetal
1 more item...
Ketones
+Dry HCl
Hemiketal
1 more item...
Condesation
With 2,4-DNPH
Orange-yellow Precipitate
10% NaOH
Ketones
Ketol condensation
Aldehydes with alpha hydrogens
Aldol condensation
Iodoform Test I2/NaOH
Yellow Iodoform (CHI3)
With -CH3 next to C=O
With -CH3 next to C-OH
Tertiary Alcohols