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Single-party state and Treatment of Opposition - Coggle Diagram
Single-party state and Treatment of Opposition
Preventive Detention Act and Labour Camps
Preventive Detention Act
1962- act was an initiative to detain suspect opponents or prevent opposition grouping together
this ensured that he was able to arrest anyone suspicions of Anti- state activity
Nyerere feared that trade unions would start protest and strikes
international bodies were worried with the violations of human rights
thousands of Tanganyikans
disappeared
under Nyerere
Amnesty international
took up the cause of some 150 Tanganyikan
prisoners of conscience
meaning those held illegally
targetted at press, to silence them
targeted at opposition leaders
trade unions
Early 1965 - several hundred people arrested or jailed
Labour Camps
what damaged Nyereres reputation, was the spread pf labout camps in Tanganyika
and the description by old inmates of the regualr use of toture in the camps
the conditions in the camp were deliberately made bad
as many as 1000 inmates were held at a time
solitary confinement
Suppression of army mutineers and reform of the Army
In January 1964, the Tanganyika Rifles, mutinied.
There was no promotion, a handful of native Tanganyikans in the officer class, predominantly European.
Nyerere's main concern was that if unrest spread through the army, Tanganyikan security and his capacity to control the country would be at risk.
The mutiny forced Nyerere to enlist outside British forces to contain it.
Once this is was successfully accomplished, Nyerere moved quickly to order to order the arrest and court-martial of the mutineers.
Nyerere claimed that a tough response was merited since the mutiny could turn into a coup against him and the government.
Since it was indigenous Tanganyikans who were at the heart of the troubles, this might be a sign of ethnic rivalry.
REFORM OF THE ARMY
The mutinies convinced Nyerere of the need to establish the armed services as a force subordinate to the state.
The development of the armed services fall under the authority of TANU Youth League (TYL).
The army was made into an integral part of the nation's political system.
CONSCRIPTION - the country's young men were required to perform 2 years' national service in uniform.
The conscripts had to have inculcated into the concept of national as opposed to tribal identity.
An understanding that their first loyalty was to the state.
Student Opposition and One Party State
Student Opposition
Introduction of national service upset University students
6000 university students in 1965, mainly based at University College of Dar es Salaam
Half of these students involved in demonstration against national service
Nyerere unmoved by protests, said students should see it as a matter of honor not duty
Students would not get in his way, announced if protests continued, they would be imprisoned
One Party state
1965- Tanzania officially declared to be a one party state
Foreign Correspondents queried why Tanzania had not developed into a multi party democracy
Nyerere responded saying that multi party democracy is not the only form of democracy
argued that a multi party system would not satisfy Tanganyika's political reality
there was no need for another party, TANU could accommodate all the peoples needs, wished and complaints
1977- TANU and Zanzibar Shirazi Party merged to become Chama Cha Mapinduzi, only permitted party
Held elections, the same year with all candidates having to be a TANU member
No one allowed to spend money on their campaign or campaign on tribe, race or religion