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ENGLISH 5 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - expresses necessity, obligation, or possibility
        
        SHOULD AND CAN
        
        structure of English
        tenses.
        
        Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb
        
        ‘She can/could swim
        20 lengths’ (present/past ability). // "Ella puede / podría nadar
        20 longitudes (habilidad presente / pasada).
        
        ‘You should go’ (advice), ‘You must go’
        (command), ‘You must be George’ (deduction).
        "Deberías ir" (consejo), "Debes ir"
        (comando), "Debes ser George" (deducción).
        
        negative: subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb
        
        ? question: auxiliary verb + subject + main verb // ? pregunta: verbo auxiliar + sujeto + verbo principal
        
        ‘Can/could you open the window?’ (informal/formal request) // ¿Puede / podría abrir la ventana? "(Solicitud informal / formal)
        
        We use can to:
        
        ..
        
        talk about possibility and ability
        
         make requests
        
         ask for or give permission
        
        Structure of Can
        
        Subject + can + main verb
        
        Could: Requests
        
        We often use could in a question to ask somebody to do something. The use of could in this
        way is fairly polite (formal):
        A menudo usamos could en una pregunta para pedirle a alguien que haga algo. El uso de could en este
        es bastante educado (formal):
        
        Could you tell me where the bank is, please?
         Could you send me a catalogue, please?
        
        I can pay my taxes.
        Expresses ability. I have the means (funds) to pay.
        
        I might pay my taxes.
        Expresses possibility, but not certainty. Maybe I will pay; maybe I won’t.
      - May
        
        I may go to New York. (to indicate possibility)
        
        May
        I help you? (to ask permission)
- - - - talk about past possibility or ability
         make requests // hablar sobre posibilidades o habilidades pasadas
         hacer solicitudes
        
        Structure of Could
        
        Subject + could + main verb
        
        The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to").
        El verbo principal es siempre el infinitivo puro (infinitivo sin "to").
        
        My grandmother could speak Japanese. // Mi abuela sabía hablar japonés.
        
        Use of Could
        
        1 more item...
    - - I would pay my taxes.
        (In this case), expresses reservation. If I had the money (but I don’t) // Pagaría mis impuestos.
        (En este caso), expresa reserva. Si tuviera el dinero (pero no lo tengo)
- - - - To show respect and politeness, most people use modal expressions when making requests. // Para mostrar respeto y cortesía, la mayoría de las personas utilizan expresiones modales al realizar solicitudes.
        
        examples
        
        Could you possibly...?
        
        f. Would you kindly...?
        
        g. Would you mind (v + ing)
        
        h. Would you be as kind as to...?
        
        Could you possibly open the door?
        
        Would you kindly open the door? // ¿Sería tan amable de abrir la puerta?
        
        Would you mind opening the door?
        
        Would you be so kind as to open the door? // ¿Sería tan amable de abrir la puerta?
      - Common Problems with Modals
        problemas comunes con los modals.
        
        Using “to” unnecessarily:
        
        Correct
        
        ex.
        
        They are going to meet us at the theater. //Nos encontrarán en el teatro.
        
        He should eat his dinner.
        
        I had better go now.
        
        You must not use that pencil. // no debes usar ese lapiz.
        
        John could hear the bell.
        Penny will go to the movie.
        
        You ought to speak English. /should speak // Deberías hablar inglés. debería hablar
        
        Incorrect
        
        ex.
        
        They going to meet us at the
        
        theater.
        
        He should to eat his dinner.
        
        I had better to go now. He de irme.
        
        You must not to use that pencil.
        
        John could heard the bell. Penny
        will going to the movie.
        
        You should ought to speak English // Deberías hablar inglés
- - - -  at for a precise time.
      -  in for month, years, centuries and long periods.
      -  on for days and dates.