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Bullying Exerts Psychiatric Effects into Adulthood - Coggle Diagram
Bullying Exerts Psychiatric Effects into Adulthood
Study Description
1,420 children from NC ages 9, 11, and 13 and their parents were interviewed yearly until age 16, and then again at 19, 21, and 24 to 26 years of age
Questions included peer relations and home and community settings
Study Results
People never involved in bullying
Accounted for 50+% the study group
People who were victims
Accounted for 25% of the study group
4 times more likely to have agoraphobia, generalized anxiety, and panic disorder as adults
Affected by bullying into adulthood
People who were bullies
Accounted for 7% of the study group
4 times the risk of developing antisocial personality disorder as adults regardless of pre-existing psychiatric problems or family issues
Socially adept and can use those skills in adulthood
People who were bully-victims (loners)
Accounted for 7% of the study group
14 times the risk of panic disorder; 5 times the risk of depressive disorders; 10 times the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors
Less developed social skills, impulsive, and aggressive. Respond to bullying by picking on others.
Study Implications
Impacts from bullying have significant emotional and financial cost to society
Bully prevention can reduce human suffering and lower health care costs due to decreased affects from victimization
Resilience research as to why some people are not as affected by bullying as adults is in progress including molecules and brain circuit pathways, physiology, genetics, epigenetics, and cognitive therapies.
Future Research Studies
Most effective bullying interventions and best stage of life to start interventions
More attention paid to happenings between kids as the majority of time is spent with peers than family
Other factors that are a part of bullying including sexual orientation