chem topic
states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
properties
energy levels:
low energy, particle movement is confined
greater energy, particles move more, slip over one another
high energy, particles move erratically
arrangement of particles:
linear, regular structure
particles can slip over one another, close proximity
random speeds and direction of movement, spaced out
can be condensed because there is available space between particles
changes of state
solid
melting
subliming
liquid
freezing, solidifying
gas
condensing
evaporating
also subliming
for a change of state to happen, energy must be transferred either into or out of the particles,
this energy goes to breaking the bonds between particles, or overcoming the intermolecular forces
(breaking bonds is for melting, but you don't break bonds to go from a liquid to a gas because the bonds are already broken. instead, the intermolecular forces which hold together the liquid particles are broken)
The stronger the forces of attraction, the more energy is required to break them.
The stronger the forces between particles, the higher its melting and boiling point
predicting a physical state
Given temperature < melting point Solid
Given temperature is between melting and boiling points Liquid
Given temperature > boiling point Gas