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CHEMISTRY OF LIFE - Coggle Diagram
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
What is the chemistry of life?
The chemistry of living matter consists of compounds formed by covalent bonds around the carbon atom. In a very general way, we can say that organisms are composed of matter, understanding it as anything that occupies space and has mass. And are:
Micro and macromolecules.
Macromolecules are those substances that are required for our nutrition and the proper functioning of the body that are made up of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. And the micromolecules are those monomers, or the simplest version of a macromolecule, since a macromolecule is the union of multiple molecules, what we could call polymers.
It divides in:
Proteins
Structurally, proteins are the most complex macromolecules. A protein is a linear molecule comprised of amino acids. Twenty different amino acids are found in proteins. The sequence of a protein's amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the DNA coding for the synthesis of this protein.
Examples:
Keratin (found in hair and nails), hormones, enzymes, antibodies
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are sugar molecules. Along with protein and fat, carbohydrates are one of the three main nutrients found in food and drink. Your body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose.
Carbohydrates are molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Examples: Sugar, Starch, and Fiber.
Lipids
Lipids are organic compounds that contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms, which forms the framework for the structure and function of living cells.
These organic compounds are nonpolar molecules, which are soluble only in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in water because water is a polar molecule.
In the human body, these molecules can be synthesized in the liver and are found in oil, butter, whole milk, cheese, fried foods and also in some red meats.
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Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are large polymers formed by repeating monomers called nucleotides, linked by phosphodiester bonds. Long chains are formed; some nucleic acid molecules reach gigantic sizes, millions of nucleotides chained together.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Structured in two nucleotide chains linked together by hydrogen bonds, it can appear linearly or circular.
Ribonucleic Acid. It is single-stranded and its structures are usually shorter. RNA is the executor of that information in various fields.