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3.2 Changes in Public health. How did housing improve in Britain, 1780…
3.2 Changes in Public health. How did housing improve in Britain, 1780-1939.
Housing legislation
1844 Metropolitan Building Act. made sure that all houses built 30m from a Sewer were connected to it.
Common Lodging acts 1851 and 1853 outlined that all lodgings were to be inspected by the police. However, the acts were badly drafted and rarely enforced.
Nuisances removal act 1855, this punished overcrowding with a fine or prosecution.
1866 Sanitary Act Cellars are no longer to be used for occupation.
1868 Artisans' and Labourer's Dwellings act- this forced landlords to repair houses an insanitary house. If he did not the council could buy it and bring it down. (Torren's Act)
The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwelling Improvement Act 1875. Gave local councils the power to force a landlord to repair an insanitary house. Extends Torrens act to cover whole districts.
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George Peabody: American London based-banker who funded the Peabody donation trust. He provided model London dwellings for his workers
He had estates in Chelsea and Islington, in 1882 he had 14,600 people in 3,500 dwellings.
Titus Salt: Bradford Mill owner who moved his workers from the pollution to a village of 'Saltaire'.
This village had almshouses, hospitals and parks.
However, he did not allow his workers to join unions.
Octavia Hill, bought run down dwellings and renovated them. She sold them to the poor for low cost. By 1870s she had 3,000 tenants.
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Some cities had inserted clauses into own improvement acts that allowed them to have some control over building like. City of Leeds improvement act 1842
-Manchester in 1844.
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1939 most houses were connected to a sewage system and 50% had hot water.
2/3 were sold to owner occupiers.
Ebenezer Howard- in a book developed a theory that people should live in harmony in peaceful towns that had light and fresh air.
William Lever, found a new site for his soap making business between 1899 and 1914, some 800 houses were built on Port Sunlight
