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Improvement in Food resources, Animal Husbandry: practice employed to…

- - - - It is the manipulation of qualities in plants to create a new set of varieties with desired characteristics.
        
        Higher Yield: reducing the loss of harvest and simplifies harvesting period
        
        Resistance to diseases and pests
        
        Change in maturity period: Shortening the maturity period refers to reducing the amount of time the crops take to grow which will allow them to grow various crops in a year
        
        Elimination of toxic substances
        
        Synchronous maturity: making sure all the plants grow at the same time so that there won't be a difference in the harvest time. This simplifies the harvest period for the farmers.
        
        Photoinsensitivity: plants are very sensitive to light and this light sensitivity determined the metabolism and physiological development. Scientists believe it is this light condition that signal proper plant growth and development by activating the plant hormones.
        
        Resistance to abiotic stress: refers to insects, and weather conditions like excessive rain, floods, drought, heat and cold weather
        
        Improved quality
      - Introduction: We experiment with where we grow the plant and this helps us identify better locations for the plants growth. If the plant survives it is selected for further cultivation.
      - Selection: Picking out specific groups of plants out of a lot and eliminating the undesired ones. Reproduction of these plants is carried out by obtaining their seeds.
        Selection of plants is carried out to improve disease resistance, response to fertilizers and the product quality.
      - Hybridisation: In this method, plants with 2 desired characters are crossed together to develop a new seed with those qualities. Pollen grains from the male plant are transferred to stigma of the female plant. After pollination, the fusion of the desired female and male gametes results in the formation of a hybrid embryo having characters of both the plants.
        
        Intervarietal:Between 2 varieties of plants
        
        Intravarietal: Between 2 plants belonging to different species
        
        Interspecific: Between 2 plants belonging to the same genus
        
        Intergeneric: Between 2 plants of different genus,
      - In genetic engineering a single gene is isolated and modified. Then they make several copies of that cell and induce into the plant. Once the plant has matures, they extract the seeds to study the seeds for successful transformation The plant in which the foreign gene has been induced is called a transgenic plant. This allows crop improvement to be done in a shorter time as compared to conventional breeding. It allows the plant to be modified by removing and switching off particular genes.
- - - - If a plant fails to get nutrients from external resources, it will start to show signs of deficiency
      - This may affect the physiological process like reproduction, growth and thus making it highly susceptible to diseases
- - - - Organic matter which increases fertility of soil. Contains nutrients in small quantity which are then supplied to the soil adding humus, and also adds more water. Avoid waterclogging and clayey soil. Recycles farm waste.
        
        Compost: livestock excreta, animal refuse, domestic waste, this is decomposed in the process of decomposition. This compost is rich in organic matter and nutrients.
        
        Vermi-composet: The compost which is made by the decomposition of plant
        and animal refuse with the help of redworm is called vermi-compost.
        
        Green compost: hemp or guar are grown and then mulched by ploughing them into the soil. These green plants thus turn into green manure which helps in enriching the soil in nitrogen and phosphorus.
        
        Farm yard Manure: It is made of excreta, urine, animal refuse, plant waste. It is rich in humus content.