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MIND MAP 6, Sharifah Azra - Coggle Diagram
MIND MAP 6
Sommerfeld's Model
Electronic properties
Properties of materials such as electrical conduction and heat capacity are investigated by solid state physics
An early model of electrical conduction was the Drude model, which applied kinetic theory to the electrons in a solid
Drude model was able to explain electrical and thermal conductivity although it greatly overestimated the electronic heat capacity
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The quantum analogy
These conduction electrons can be considered as moving independently in a square well and the edges of well corresponds to the edges of the sample.
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The Fermi sphere
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The surface of the Fermi sphere represent the boundary between occupied and unoccupied k states at absolute zero for the free electron gas.
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Band Theory
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Bloch’s Waves 
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the wavefunction solution of the Schrödinger equation when the potential is periodic, can be written as Ψ(𝑥) = 𝑒𝑖𝑘𝑥𝑢(𝑥) where 𝑢(𝑥) is a periodic function which satisfies 𝑢(𝑎 + b) = 𝑢(𝑥).
Kronig-Penney Model
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To find 𝑢(𝑥) in each region, we need to manipulate electron’s wavefunction.
Effective Mass
If the same magnitude of electric field is applied to both electrons in vacuum and inside the crystal, the electrons will accelerate at a different rate from each other due to the existence of different potentials inside the crystal
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Holes in semiconductor
The concept of holes is very useful, particularly in dealing with semiconductors when there are a few unoccupied electron states at the top of the valence band.
It is much easier to consider the few unoccupied states than the entire electron band minus these few states
This introduction focuses on the basic concepts, followed by a discussion of the effective masses, conductivity, and position of the Fermi level.
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