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Sharia (how to live morally in Islam) - Coggle Diagram
Sharia (how to live morally in Islam)
The Quran (The central religious text of Islam; contains the words of God, as dictated to Muhammad; written in Arabic)
Hadith (“News” or “story”; a record of the traditions/sayings of the Prophet Muhammad; a major source of religious law and moral guidance; second only to the authority of the Quran)
Jihad (“Struggle” or “striving"; none refer to terrorism or violence)
Three types
jihad against oneself
against Satan (the greater jihad)
against an open enemy (the lesser jihad)
Monotheism vs Polytheism
Tawheed (tawhid) (“Making one” or “asserting oneness”; the oneness of God; He is one and there is no God but He; monotheism)
Pro-monotheism
Shirk (A major sin in Islam; refers to idolatry and polytheism; worship of deities, gods, or anything other than Allah; associates partners with Allah)
Anti-polytheism
The Five Pillars of Islam (The core beliefs and practices of Islam)
Zakat – charity (“Alms giving”; one should give 2.5% of one’s surplus wealth (termed in the lunar year) to the poor and needy, as long as one isn’t poor and needy themself)
Sawm - Ramadan (“Fasting”; Muslims should fast in the month of Ramadan by abstaining from food or drink from sunrise to sunset; practices self-restraint, piety, and generosity)
Salat - Daily prayer (Prayer must be performed five times a day in the direction of Mecca)
The five prayers include Fajr (sunrise prayer), Dhuhr (noon prayer), Asr (afternoon prayer), Maghrib (sunset prayer), and Isha (night prayer)
Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca (Every adult Muslim should make at least one pilgrimage to Mecca in his or her life)
Shahadah- confession of faith (An islamic oath professing that "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger"; one must declare this wholeheartedly to be a Muslim)
Important People in Islam
Muhammad (The founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Quran; 570-620; a prophet sent to preach the teachings of other prophets (ex. Adam, Abraham, Moses, etc))
Gabriel (An archangel (intermediary between God and humans); a bearer of revelations to prophets (including Muhammad))
Al – Kitab (“People of the book”; religions (including Judaism, Christianity, Zoroastrians, and Sabians) who posses divine books; distinguished from religions not based on divine revelations)
People of the book( Refers to Jews, Christians, and Sabians; are allowed to practice their own religion)
Abu Bakr (A senior companion and father-in-law to the Prophet Muhammad; ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632-634; became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death)
Theocracy (A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or gods)
Branches of Islam
Shi'a (A major branch of Islam that believes that only God has the authority to appoint the successor to His prophet; believes that Muslim leadership belonged to Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali, and his descendants alone)
Sufism (A branch of Islam that focuses on the renunciation of worldly things, purification of the soul, and mystical contemplation of God’s nature; more spiritual than other branches of Islam)
Sunni (The largest branch of Islam; 85-90% of Muslim following; recognize the first four caliphs as the Prophet Muhammad's rightful successors)
Important Places in Islam
Mecca (The holiest of Muslim cities; located in western Saudi Arabia in the Sirat Mountains; where the Prophet Muhammad was born; Muslims will pray in the direction of this religious center five times a day)
Medina (The place in which Muhammad established the Muslim community after his flight from Mecca (622) and where his body is entombed; in Saudi Arabia)
Religious regulations governing the lives of muslims; simply means “justice” to most Muslims, who will consider any law that promotes justice and social welfare to conform to Sharia
