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Jesus- the Jewish religious teacher whose life, death, and resurrection as…
Jesus- the Jewish religious teacher whose life, death, and resurrection as reported by the Evangelists are the basis of the Christian message of salvation. — called also Jesus Christ.
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Religious Systems
Gnostic Christianity- a collection of religious ideas and systems which originated in the late 1st century CE among Jewish and early Christian sects. These various groups emphasised personal spiritual knowledge above the orthodox teachings, traditions, and authority of the church.
Marcion- an early Christian dualistic belief system that originated from the teachings of Marcion of Sinope in Rome around the year 144. Marcion was an early Christian theologian, evangelist, and an important figure in early Christianity. He was the son of a bishop of Sinope in Pontus.
Eastern Orthodox- the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptised members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops in local synods.
Protestant Reformation- the religious revolution that took place in the Western church in the 16th century. Its greatest leaders undoubtedly were Martin Luther and John Calvin. Having far-reaching political, economic, and social effects, the Reformation became the basis for the founding of Protestantism, one of the three major branches of Christianity.
Martin Luther- German theologian and author: leader, in Germany, of the Protestant Reformation.
John Calvin- a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.
Christian Beliefs
Original sin- the Christian doctrine that humans inherit a tainted nature and a proclivity to sin through the fact of birth.
Apostolic succession- the uninterrupted transmission of spiritual authority from the Apostles through successive popes and bishops, taught by the Roman Catholic Church but denied by most Protestants.
Trinity- the Christian Godhead as one God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Written Texts
Canonical Gospels- The Christian Church's recognition of books of the Old Testament and the New Testament and of the four gospels- the four "canonical gospels", (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) occurred gradually during the first four centuries.
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Synoptic Gospels– the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, which describe events from a similar point of view, as contrasted with that of John.
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Mystical Gospel– It highlights both aspects of the definition of mystery; the god who is mystery and his plan of salvation come together in Jesus Christ.
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Gospel of Thomas- an extra-canonical sayings gospel. It was discovered near Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in December 1945 among a group of books known as the Nag Hammadi library. Scholars speculate that the works were buried in response to a letter from Bishop Athanasius declaring a strict canon of Christian scripture.
Gospel of Mary Magdalene- a non-canonical text discovered in 1896 in a 5th-century papyrus codex written in Sahidic Coptic. This Berlin Codex was purchased in Cairo by German diplomat Carl Reinhardt.
Gospel of Judas- a non-canonical Gnostic gospel. The content consists of conversations between Jesus and Judas Iscariot. Given that it includes late 2nd century theology, it is widely thought to have been composed in the 2nd century by Gnostic Christians, rather than the historic Judas himself.
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