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BIOLOGY CH1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Winter crops: wheat gram pea.
    - - Summer crops: pulses and other vegetables
    - - Rainy crops: paddy, maize, groundnuts.
- - - - Manuring and fertilising
        
        Irrigation
        
        Weed protection
        
        Harvesting
        
        Storage
        
        grains are supposed to be dried before storage.
        
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        The traditional tool for harvesting is a sickle
        
        also done by combine (a machine which harvests and threshes the crop.)
        
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        Farmers with less land use a winnowing machine to thresh the crop.
        
        Chemical method:
        
        weeds are killed by chemicals like 24-D. These chemicals don't effect the crop.
        
        Biological method:
        
        Farmers introduce friendly pests and bugs which kill the weeds and dont harm the crop.
        
        Physical method:
        
        Tilling the soil before sowing
        
        uprooting them, summer ploughing
        
        The supply of water at different intervals. Eg: sprinkler, drip system, moat, etc.
        
        Sprinkler
        
        Useful where there is uneven land. It sprinkles on the crop as if it is raining.
        
        Perpendicular pipes having rotating nozzles on top are joined together to the pipeline using pumps, water comes out.
        
        Drip system
        
        In drip system, water falls drop by drop at the root of the plant. it is great for areas with water scarcity.
        
        To replenish the nutrients in the soil manure and fertilizers are added. (see differences in wb)
        
        Sometimes soil is left uncultivated to regain nutrients, this is called fallowing.
        
        Chemicals needed for plant growth
        
        Hydrogen
        
        (water)
        
        Oxygen
        
        (carbon dioxide)
        
        Carbon
        
        micro nutrients
        
        iron
        
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        macro nutrients
        
        nitrogen
        
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        Nutrients are also regained through crop rotation.
      - To find out whether the seeds are damaged or not they are kept in water. The damaged seeds float.
        
        The traditional tool for sowing is a funnel, but it is easier to do it with a seed drill.
        
        The correct distance between plants should be maintained to avoid overcrowding of plants.
    - - This increases the growth of earthworms which add humus to the soil. turning soil brings nutrient rich soil to the top.
        
        Exposes insect eggs
        
        Uproots weeds
      - This is done by tilling and ploughing of soil. Manure is added before tilling soil. This is done by plough and hoe.