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Plant stress, induce - Coggle Diagram
Plant stress
Abiotic stress
Water stress
Increase of ethylene&ABA
Reduce photosynthetic rate
Insufficient functioning ATP
Increase in some hydrolytic enzyme
Structural damage
Salinity stress
Osmotic regulation
Ion regionasation
Maintain the pH as original despite the changes in environmental factor
Reduce water content
Synthesis organic osmoregulator in cytoplasm(suluble sugar)
Absorb inorganic ions in vacuole
Mychorrihizal symbiosis
Maintain Na:K ratio
Play with plant hormone to improve the expression of gene and improve the uptake of water and ions.
Temperature stress
Cold
Ice formation
cut the protoplast
dehydration
Hot
Membrane fluidity altered
Ion leaking
denature of protein
Biotic stress
Types
Pathogen
Other plant
Animal(herbivore)
How pathogen invade
Natural opening of plant(stomata, lenticels)
e.g. Fungus invasion
Fungus spore reach on leaf
It germinate an adhesive pad to stick itself on leaf
It generate hyphae and invade into the leaf via the stomata
Absorb the nutrient in plant
Injury site
Mechanical pressure on leaf
How plant defence
Via Hypersensitivity reaction /Localised acquired resistance
Types of hypersensitive reaction
Structural or chemical change in cell wall.
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolite
General steps in hypersensitive reaction
Activation of Pathogenesis related (PR)protein
Accumulation of lignin, suberin in cell wall to strengthen the cell wall.
Programmed dead via the formation of necrotic lesion
Synthesis of Proteinase inhibitor
inhibits the protelytic enzyme produced by pathogen
Synthesis of lytic enzyme
to degrade the cell wall
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites
Systematic acquired resistance
Plant immune response towards several pathogens via certain pathway after hypersensitivity reaction
Salicylic acid pathway
Initiate the pathogenesis related gene for defence mechanism
Jasmonic acid pathway
*
Special facts of jasmonic acid.
Volicitin secreted from the oral of beet armyworn
Induce the increase of jasmonic acid
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Response of plant to stress
Resistance
Acclimation
Survive
Susceptible
Senenscence
Died
Avoidance
Important
To study the physiology/biochemistry of plant
To increase plant breeding in unfavorable condition
Study how it reduce the productivity of plant
Any factor that will reduce certain physiological process
induce