Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
More Cold War (The Global War) - Coggle Diagram
More Cold War (The Global War)
Destalinisation in soviet bloc
Krushchev secret speech
Feb 56
Said joint leadership is needed to prevent total dictatorship.
Outed Stalin's crimes
Criticised a lot of Stalin's reign such as press censorship, one party system, secret police and Stalin's personality
4 hour long speech
Stated beginnings of peaceful coexistance
Wanted to redefine relationship with satellite states
Wanted long-term political stability, economic growth and improved living conditions
Polish Uprising June - October 1956
Events
In Oct, Gomulka elected as 1st leader of polish communist party
June 28th Workers strike, led to anti-communist armed uprising
Force not used, but Khrushchev supported Gomulka on the grounds he followed de-desalinisation and his ideas, did not withdraw from Warsaw Pact
Krushchev had wanted to use force but did not as China supported Gomulka
Impacts
Many Poles supported Gomulka as they believed he had preserved a Polish path to socialism rather than the Soviet version
USSR protected Poland
showed that Moscow would allow its satellites a measure of national independence if led by trusted men
Causes
Many poles wanted more political freedom and national sovereignty
On 28 June 1956, workers were on strike in protest at wage cuts and poor working conditions. This led to an anti-communist armed uprising
Hungarian uprising October - November 1956
Events
24th Oct, Nagy appointed Prime Minister. Met with soviet delegation to convince them that military intervention was not needed
28th Oct, Khrushchev agreed to withdraw soviet troops. but reversed this decision
1 Nov, Hungary withdraws from the Warsaw Pact
3rd Nov, uprising was crushed by soviet forces, a new gov led by a hard line communist was formed
Impact
4,000 dead. 200,000 fled/ exiled
Lack of intervention from the West, showed that USSR had power/ control in E Europe
Showed the need for political and social reform.
Withdrew from Warsaw pact (created in 55)
Causes
22nd Oct Students demonstrating demanded 16 items, including appointment of Imre Nagy
Demanded free speech, free press, multi-party elections, withdrawal of soviet troops, leave Warsaw pact
By 23rd Oct, the situation escalated into an armed revolt, were shot on by secret police
Peaceful Coexistance
Living in peace rather than hostility,
Shows change in attitudes of soviet leaders, who wanted to avoid conflict and were less bothered with increasing influence. Peaceful and calmer.
Announced in Khrushchev's secret speech. "We want to be friends with and cooperate with the United States in the effort for peace and security of the peoples"
Austrian State Treaty, May 1955
Withdrawal of occupying powers from Austria
Declaration that Austria would be a neutral state
Removed serious area of conflict between the nations and showed intent of cooperation
Showed peaceful coexistance
Geneva Summit Sept 1955
Resumed summit diplomacy
Eisenhower proposed open skies - rejected
Khrushchev refused to talk about future of eastern bloc states
Eisenhower proposed reunified Germany with free election, Khrushchev only considered if Germany is demilitarised
Camp David Talks,September 1959
Khrushchev first USSR leader to visit the US
Discussed disarmament and Berlin
Agreed to settle issues through diplomacy, reaffirmed Khrushchev's hope in peaceful coexistance
Led to Paris Summit, May 1960
Paris Summit, May 1960
U2 Spy Plane, 1st May 1960
Summit collapsed, over U2 spy plane incident as Open skies had been rejected at Geneva Summit, Khrushchev walked out.
End of peaceful coexistance
Cold War Rivalries
Arms race
54, H bomb
The gaither report, Nov 1957
Investigate US Soviet nuclear capacity to ensure US had more/better tech
Commissioned by Eisenhower
August 49, USSR successfully test nuclear bomb
U2 Spy Plane shot down, 1st May 1960
ICBMs, USSR 57
Space race
(USSR) Sputnik, October 57
(USSR) Gagarin, 1st man in space, April 61
December 57, Flopnik (US)
The Berlin Crisis
Khrushchev's ultimatum
Nov. 58, Khrushchev issued a 6 month ultimatum, demanding withdrawal of Western Troops from Berlin to make it a 'free city' or USSR would take full control of Berlin
Calmed down but re-erupted in 61, at vienna summit.
December, Western Powers rejected the ultimatum
Hallsteine Doctrine 1955, West Germany had a right to the represent entire German population. Became irrelevant due to ultimatum
Checkpoint Charlie, August 61
Stand off between East and West at checkpoint, 16 hours.
Backed down but showed need for communication, set up direct hotline to/from each office.
Many refugees from east to west Germany
Berlin Wall erected overnight 13th August 1961
Cuba
Failed Bay of Pigs invasion, 61
May 62, Khrushchev sends missiles to Cuba
US missiles in turkey btw
Missiles discovered on 16th October
29th Oct, Khrushchev withdraws the missiles
Led to Moscow Test Ban treaty, 1963
US imposed a blockade of soviet ships to Cuba