Body in motion
Bio-Mechanics
Anatomy
Exercise Phycology
What are the bones movements
how do the muscles move
Flexion
Extension
dorsi flexion
projectile motion
force summation
balance and stability
what are the 3 energy systems.
long term
short term
joint movement
ball in socket
hinge joint
a hinge joint is only one type of movement of joint that moves backwards and forwards as the only restricted movement.
a ball in socket joint is a movement of a joint that allows a range of movement in a circular motion called circumlocution
planta flexion
adduction
abduction
flexion is where you decrease the angle of a joint and bringing the bones closer together
Extension is the opposite of flexion which means when you are extending a joint you are increase the angle.
decreasing the angle joint of your ankle, moving it towards your shin.
increasing the angle of your ankle meaning your point your foot away from your shin
moving a limb closer to the centre line of your body (medial line)
moving a limb away from the centre line of your body (medial line)
agonist
antagonist
projectile motion depends on how far away you are from the target and your height difference compared to your target
an agonist is the muscle that is working in a muscle pair, the one contracting
an antagonist is the muscle in the muscle pair that is lengthening and losening to allow the agonist pair to work
Base of support (BoS
centre of gravity (CoG)
Line of gravity (LoG)
the wider your base of support the longer your LoG & BoS needs to travel, making your unstable if they do travel outside of your BoS. Your BoS is more stable if there are more points of contact with the ground and also if the area is wider apart.
The centre of gravity is where all parts of the body of a living thing are equally balanced. If your CoG is lower then you are more balanced compared to a higher CoG
the line of gravity is a vertical line that runs through your CoG. If your LoG does fall within your BoS then you are more stabile and balanced. However if your LoG is in the centre of your CoG then you are the most stable compared if your LoG was out towards the edge of your BoS.
maximum amount of body parts
Timing of body parts
Full range of motion
Stable base
a stable base before using the other force summation is important because a stable base ensures an effective force for the other body parts
full range of motion is where you finish off the full movement of a limb before timing the next body part.
timing of body parts is important so that the body flows in a fluid motion so you can accelerate through the body parts.
use maximum amount of body parts in the correct order from the slowest strongest and heaviest to the smallest and fastest.
if you are further away from your target then you need a higher arc of release to cover more horizontal distance covered creating a bigger target.
angle of release depends on how close you are to your target the general height of release is 45 degrees
if you are shooting a netball in a netball hoop and you are very close to it you need to increase your angle of release to make. the ball lob more.
ATP
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Respiratory Systems
Muscular Sytems
Cardiovascular System
Heart rate increases
Breathing gets deeper and faster
Muscle Ache
The heart rate increases because the body is trying to get more oxygen to the working muscles and get rid of CO2 the waste product. Vessels expand to met the demand of oxygen.
Breathing rates get deeper and faster by breathing deeper and faster more oxygen is getting to the lungs trying to meet the demand of oxygen for the functioning muscles. The oxygen goes through the blood and the waste product gets breathed out, carbon dioxide.
over a longer period of excersis the body can't keep up with the bodys demand of oxygen to the muscles to get remove waste products. Lactic acid then swells in your muscles causing muscle soreness.
the immediate energy stored in the muscles, good for 6-10s. Maximum/high intensity excersis. (used without the presence of oxygen.) No waste product
30s-2mins of work with your HR more than 85% with a waste product of lactic acid. Lactic acid is a poison and causes cramp and soreness. No oxygen needed.
Used for long term work normally from 2mins until fatigued. need oxygen to break down fats and carbohydrates. For low intensity exercise.
Respiratory System
Muscular System
Cardiovascular system
increase in strength & size of muscles
increase heart strength
increase in alveoli
after continuous exercise, heart muscle gets bigger it can pump more blood per beat, stroke volume increases. more oxygen is getting to working muscles allowing longer periods of exercise moving oxygen around faster and removing waste products faster
these increases means that the oxygen can get to the working muscle quicker and move out of the body from the waste product. This is done by alveoli, located in the lungs. The larger the alveoli the more oxygen they can take in with every breathe.
As the muscles get bigger they are able to store more ATP and also have faster contractions. With the muscles being bigger and stronger you would have more strength to make further targets on shots and also gaining endurances
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decrease in resting heart rate
The more you exercise the more your heart grows + gets stronger allowing the heart to pump out more blood per stroke volume at a constant rate
increase in intake in oxygen in lungs
With constant exercise over a long period of time the lungs are able to take in and exchange more oxygen and waste products. This is because the diaphragm. and intercostal muscles grow allowing deeper more efficient breathes.
increase in capillaries
The more constant exercise over long periods of time allow the blood vessels to increase because the net work of capillaries is increasing. This allows the blood carrying oxygen to turn into more efficient energy. Gaining endurance because of increase of capillaries.
correct order of body parts
the heavier stronger muscles lead the movement followed by the weaker lighter muscles