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VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION - Coggle Diagram
VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Linguistic
-scientific study of language, specifically its structure, development, and relationship
with other languages.
Phonology
Morphology
field linguistic
Semantics
Historical linguistic
pragmatics
Syntax
Sociolinguistic
Neurolinguistic
Computational linguistic
Verbal communication
All forms of communication can be categorized as either verbal or nonverbal. In turn, both verbal
and nonverbal communication can be subdivided into either vocal or nonvocal.
two types of verbal communication
Nonvocal verbal communication involves written communication as well as communication that
is transmitted through transmitted through sign language, finger spelling, Braille, or other similar
alternatives to verbal language.
Verbal communication of the vocal category includes spoken language.
Semiotics
An application of linguistic principals to objects other than natural language, such as facial
expression or religious ritual
Academic study focusing on both the signification of language (assigning and deriving meaning
from signs ) as well as its codification (attachment of rules and procedures for correct use)
Theory or study of signs, specifically the theoretical relationship between language and signs or
symbols used in the transmission of language
Signs are nonverbal units of expression.
An index
An icon
A symbol
History of Semiotics
Peirce identified three types of signs
An icon is a sign that resembles its referent object.
A symbol is a sign that is created arbitrarily, with no specific relationship to its reference
An index is a sign that has a causal relationship with its referent
Emile Benveniste introduced a third categorization of signs that distinguished between form and
substance, identifying the different types of signs.
Iconic signs are pictures, television images, computer graphics, and so on.
Linguistic signs are learned.
Social decorum signs include expressions of gratitude and courtesies.
Regulative signs are used for social control, such as traffic signs or “No Smoking” postings.
Religious signs are used in rituals and in understanding and transmitting beliefs.
Artistic signs are figurative images used for music and fine arts, such as musical notation or
calligraphy.
Monetary signs reflect the values of economic life.
Non-Verbal Communication
-Nonverbal communication is bound to culture.
Some linguists identify an aspect of nonverbal communication called paralanguage.
Kinesics
(simplistically called body language)
affective displays.
associated with the use of
emblems,
Occulesics
This so-called eye contact
Proxemics
involves the social use of space in a communication situation.
Haptics
focuses on touching as an element of communication, indicating both the type of touch
as well as its frequency and intensity.
Vocalics
deals with vocal cues, more accurately referred to as the
nonphonemic qualities of language.
Chronemics
deals with the use of time as an element of communication.
Appearance
deals with the communication role played by a person’s look or physical appearance
(as compared with physical gestures associated with kinesics).
Environment
involves the communicative value of the physical space, such as room size, color,
accessibility and location.
Artifacts
similarly deals with the communicative aspect of apparent objects visible in the room –
art, possessions and so on – in that these may be personal, indicative of status, and/or revealing
of lifestyle.
Synchrony
focuses on the amount of coordination in people’s behavior when their nonverbal
cues are in sync with one another.
Olfactics
an aspect of nonverbal communication dealing with smells.