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NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION - Coggle Diagram
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Kinesis (body language)
applies traditional linguistic principles to the body or specific parts, particularly the face, hands and arms.
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also includes the use of smiling, frowning, giggling and so on, which also differs by culture.
Kinesics generally refers not to sign language that relies on gestures and expressions in a grammatical context as an alternative to spoken language.
An example of a universal emblem : uplifted shoulders and upturned hands that indicate “I don’t know”
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Occulesics
Example: facial gesture of downcast eyes during conversation can suggest social deference, evasion, insincerity or boredom.
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eye contact is the subject of much interpretation by the observer, making it difficult to predict its exact communication impact
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Proxemics
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deals with the effective use of space in social settings, such as businesses and homes, ranging and the arrangement of space to encourage or inhibit communication
Vocalics (paralanguage)
Vocal characterizers : laughing, crying, yawning, and so on and these can be associated with culture
Vocal qualifiers: volume, pitch, rhythm and tempo also are associated with cultural distinctions.
include accent, loudness, tempo, pitch, cadence, rate of speech, nasality and tone, insofar as these convey meaning
deals with vocal cues, or referred to as the nonphonemic qualities of language
. Vocal segregates (sounds such as mmmm, uh-huh, oooo)
Vocal rate deals with the speed at which people talk, another factor that offers various interpretations.
Chronemics
Informal time is measured relative to seasons, social customs, lunar cycle,
involves specifics such as punctuality along with patterns of dominance or deference within a communication situations
Formal time is measured in minutes, hours, days, and so on.
Example: studies show that men are more likely than women to dominate a conversation and interrupt another speaker
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also considers the use of monochronemics (doing one thing at a time, emphasis on schedules and promptness, getting to the point quickly) versus polychronemics(doing several things at a time, emphasis on people and the whole of a relationship)
Haptics
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In moderate-touch cultures ( North America , North Europe) touching is used only occasionally
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In low-contact cultures such as in Northern Asian cultures, meanwhile, social touching is rarely used at all.
Even within a culture, haptics vary. Example, handshakes vary in length and strength of grip depending on degree of intimacy between the two people
Appearance
communication role played by a person’s look or physical appearance (as compared with physical gestures associated with kinesics)
deals with physical aspects of body shape, hair color and skin tone, as well as grooming, dress and use of appearance enhancements
Environment
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example: room size, color, accessibility and location.
Business people, for example, assume significant meaning about desk size, offices with (or without) windows, and so on. Generally it is assumed that the most important people in a company occupy the uppermost floor in a building.
Artifacts
deals with the communicative aspect of apparent objects visible in the room – art, possessions and so on
much meaning is presumed by one’s choice of automobile. Artifacts almost always have cultural significance
For example, in many Western countries, pets have great emotional significance; among many Arabs, rugs are prestigious.
Olfactics
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the closer people are in communication, the more likely that the smell will be relevant.
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Synchrony
focuses on the amount of coordination in people’s behavior when their nonverbal cues are in sync with one another
include mirroring, mimicry, or behavioral meshing.