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Influenza Virus Evolution, Host Adaptation, and Pandemic Formation -…
Influenza Virus Evolution, Host Adaptation, and Pandemic Formation
Citation
Taubenberger JK, Kash JC, 2010. Influenza virus evolution, host adaptation, and pandemic formation. Cell Host Microbe. 7:440-451. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2010.05.009
Introduction
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Vary in emergence patterns, unable to predict
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IAVs in Birds
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Diversity of subtype distribution potentially due to differences in habitats, feeding & migratory behaviors
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Domesticated avians are vulnerable to altered wild-avian IAVs, but are not a reservoir
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IAVs in Humans
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Pre-1918 IAVs are unknown, but all post-1918 strains contain derived segments of the 1918 strain
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Host Switch Events
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Avian-to-Swine/Equine
Avian to swine host switches are generally unstable with the exception of a European lineage of H1N1
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Mammalian-to-Mammalian
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Swine-to-Human switches have been documented many times with evidence of the first stable switch in 2009
Conclusion
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63% of the 1918 virus's genes remain after multiple reassortments and have remained in circulation through 2010
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Complex, independent, polygenic processes are responsible for IAV emergence and transmission, making it difficult to identify and analyze events
Mutations may seem significant in the transmission, adaptation, and virulence in one event, but be insignificant or missing in another.