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psych unit 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - receives sensory information from the PNS and transmit up the spinal cord to the brain (ascending tracts)
      - transmits motor information from the brain down the spinal cord to the PNS (descending tracts)
      - spinal reflex
        
        this spinal reflexes and unconscious involuntary an automatically occur with the brain being involved
        
        enables fast response `to harmful situautions
  - - - sympathetic N.S.
        
        fight or flight
        
        responisble for activating internal muscles, organs and glands. prepares bidy to take actioon against a stressor
      - parasympathetic N.S.
        
        rest and digest
        
        responsible for maintaining optimal levels of functioning of the visceral organs ], muscles and glands- optimal state being known as homeostasis
      - things that are atomatic
      - connects CNS to internal organs and glands; self-regulating
      - examples: pupils, job regulate the amount of light entering the eye, sympathetic- dilate (expand), parasympathetic= contract. gall bladder, stores bile, sympathetic- inhibit the release of bile, parasympathetic- stimulates the release of bile. bladder, stores urine, sympathetic- relaxes, parasympathetic- increased contractions. intestine, digestion, sympathetic- relax, parasympathetic- increased contractions.
    - - responsible for all voluntarily muscle movement
      - carry messages from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS to the skeletal muscles
  - - - the mind body problem
        
        dualism- 2 seperate entities. monism- suggest the mknd and body are the same thing
    - - psuedo science discredited in the early 1900s . A pseudoscience which involves the measurement of bumps on the skull to predict mental traits.
- - - - we must have sleep to stay alive
      - reticular formation= a collection/network of neurons
- - - - made up of axons, soma and dendrites
        
        axon= transmits electrical impulses from cell body toward the axon terminals
        
        soma= intergrates information recieves at the dedrites and contains nucleus
        
        dendrites= recieves neurtransmitters from other neurons
- - - - can occur in regard to ageing and when the brain needs to adapt
    - - changes in the neural connections during development mean a childs brain is more plastic/malleable than an adults (adults have approximately 40% fewer synapses than a three year old)
        
        three important processes: myelination, synaptic pruning, frontal lobe development
        
        myelination= refers to the process of neurons forming a protective coating (myelin). myelin facilitates the communication between neurons and across neural networks. this helps develop and learn new skills as it helps communication in the brain. mostly occurs in infancy through to early adulthood, but continues throughout the lifespan.
        
        synaptic pruning= refers ti the process of eliminating or trimming away synaptic connections between neurons, when they are not activated or used. occurs over many years. is nessacary to make way for more essential connections in our brain, therefore fine-tuning our brains functioning and makes it more effecient,