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river landscape, course landscapes - Coggle Diagram
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course landscapes
lower course landscape
floodplains
a floodplain is the wide, flat area of land either side of river and experiences floods when river tops its banks
in lower course, river nearing sea and carries a huge amount of sediment
when river floods, excess water spills over surrounding area
during flooding, velocity of river is reduced, loses energy, deposits sediment, forming floodplain
floodplain is shaped by lateral erosion of meanders as they gradually migrate downstream and by deposition of material on inner bends
how levees develop
deposition process, which takes place during flooding, continues until eventually embankments, made of larger, heavier sediment, are created beside the river. these called levees
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upper course landscape
landforms
interlocking spurs
river as its source is small and has limited energy. flows naturally from side to side, around ridges in valley sides called spurs. spurs become interlocking with those on other side of valley
waterfalls
waterfalls are common feature in upper course of river, where there's increase in vertical erosion. they form where there's a layer of hard. resistant rock overlying a softer, less resistant rock
gorges
over long time, process of undercutting and collapse is repeated, and waterfall retreats, forming steep-sides gorge