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VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION - Coggle Diagram
VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
LINGUISTIC (scientific study of language, specifically its structure, development and relationship with other languages)
HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC- studies the origins, development and relationship various languages.
FIELD LINGUISTIC- collects data on little studies languages, particularly those with few speakers that are in danger.
PHONOLOGY/ LINGUISTIC PHONETICS- spoken language, physical aspects of speech sounds.
MORPHOLOGY- focuses on morphemes, the basic unit of meaning within a language.
SEMANTIC- meaning of language. Deals with the way signs relate to things, specifically with the meaning of words, phrases and expressions. also deals with connotation and denotation.
SYNTAX/ SYNTACTICS- focuses on form of languages, rules and patterns. Deals with signs relate to other signs, patterns and flow pf words as they intermingle in phrases and sentences.
PRAGMATIC- impact of language and how people use it
SOCIOLINGUISTIC- language used in society, the differences among cultures, age groups, gender and social class
NEUROLINGUISTIC/CLINICAL LINGUISTIC- deals with language disorders (called aphasia).Also deals with how to prevent and overcome the disorders.
COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTIC- computer being used to predict and interpret human communication. Also overlaps with both historical and field linguistics.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION (all forms of communication can be categorized as verbal or nonverbal. Both of them can be subdivided into vocal or nonvocal.
NONVOCAL- written communication that is transmitted through sign language, finger spelling, Braille and etc.
VOCAL- category includes spoken language
SEMIOTICS (sometimes called semiosis or semiology)
Theory/study signs, specifically the theorotical relationship between language and signs or symbols used in transmission of language.
Application of linguistic principals to objects other than natural language, such as facial expression or religious ritual
Signification of language (assigning and deriving meaning from signs), Codification (attachment of rules and procedures for correct use)
HISTORY OF SEMIOTICS
An icon is a sign that resembles its referent object. For example, a photo identification card is an
icon of the person identified on the card;
An index is a sign that has a causal relationship with its referent; that is, with some physical or
presumed connection. For example, smoke is an index or indicator of the presence of fire;
A symbol that is created arbitrarily, with no specific relationship to its reference such as the letter as M in Roman script which symbolizes as the same sound as the Arabic letter "mim"-the sound "mmm"
LINGUISTIC SIGNS -learned
ICONIC SIGNS- pictures, television images, computer graphic
SOCIAL DECORUM- Include expressions of gratitude and courtesies.
REGULATIVE SIGNS- for social control such as traffic signs.
Monetary signs-reflect the values of economic life.
RELIGIOUS SIGNS- rituals and in understanding and transmitting beliefs.
ARTISTIC SIGNS- figurative images used for music and fine arts.
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION- applied attention in areas ranging journalism to governance to entertainment. Human beings communicate more through nonverbal means. Also bound to culture. There are differences among cultures and nationalities about relative value of speech versus silence, the relative values of talk versus action. role of animation, rhyme and exaggeration in speech.
KINESIC- called body language. deals with physical movement, sometimes called affective displays. It also refers not to sign language that relies on gestures and expressions in a grammatical context as an alternative to spoken language
OCCULESICS- related to kinesics. Deals with eye behaviour as an element of communication. Some aspects of occulesics deal with a static or fixed gaze versus dynamic eye movement. This so called eye contact is the subject of much interpretation by the observer, making it difficult to predict its exact communication impact.
PROXEMICS- involves the social use of space in a communication situation. One aspect of this is the closeness between and among people when they speak, and the significant role that culture plays in this.
HAPTICS- focuses on touching as an element of communication, indicating both the type of touch as well as its frequency and intensity. like many other elements of nonverbal communication haptics is very much a function of culture. For example, handshakes.
VOCALICS (paralanguage) deals with vocal cues, nonphonemic qualities of language.
Vocal characterizers include laughing, crying, yawning, and so on.
Vocal qualifiers such as volume, pitch, rhythm and tempo also are associated with
cultural distinctions.
Vocal segregates (sounds such as mmmm,
uh-huh, oooo) likewise also differ among various cultures.
Vocal rate deals with the speed at
which people talk, another factor that offers various interpretations.
CHRONEMICS- deals with the use of time as an element of communication.
Formal time is
measured in minutes, hours, days, and so on.
Informal time is measured relative to seasons,
social customs, lunar cycles, etc.
APPEARANCE- deals with the communication role played by a person's look or physical appearance . for exp, body shape, hair color and skin tone, grooming, dress
ENVIRONMENT- communicative value of the physical space, such as room size, color, accessibility and location
ARTIFACTS- similarly deals with the communicative aspect of apparent objects visible in the room-art, possesions and so on.– in that these may be personal, indicative of status, and/or revealing
of lifestyle. Artifacts almost always have cultural significance.
OLFACTICS- nonverbal communication dealing with smells. It might include the use of perfumes and spices. It associated with proxemics in that, the closer people are in communication, the more likely that the smell will be relevant.
Synchrony focuses on the amount of coordination in people’s behavior when their nonverbal cues are in sync with one another. Some examples include mirroring, mimicry, or behavioral meshing.
USES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
To create impressions beyond the verbal element of communication (kinesics, chronemics, vocalics, environment)
To repeat and reinforce what is said verbally (occulesics, kinesics)
To manage and regulate the interaction among participants in the communication exchange (kinesics, occulesics, proxemics, synchrony)
To express emotion beyond the verbal element (kinesics, occulesics, haptics, vocalics, proxemics)
To convey relational messages of affection, power, dominance, respect, and so on (proxemics, occulesics, haptics)
To promote honest communication by detecting deception or conveying suspicion (kinesics, occulesics, vocalics)
To provide group or social leadership by sending messages of power and persuasion (kinesics, vocalics, chronemics)