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ANTHRO 2200 STUDY GUIDE 4, Forensic Anthropology, Biological Anthropology,…
ANTHRO 2200 STUDY GUIDE 4
Forensic Anthropology
Forensic Anthropology at work
Mass disasters
• Civil and social justice
• Military POW/MIA recoveries
• Law enforcement consultants
Forensic Anthropology vs Bioarchaeology
Bioarchaeology
Study of historical and ancient human skeletal remains
Focus on populations
Identify nutrition, health, and activity via skeletal remains
Forensic Anthropology
Application of biological anthropology in medicolegal context
Focus on individual
Interpretation of context of remains and circumstances
Biological Profile and cause of death
Trauma and taphonomy
Stature
Ancestry
Sex
Age-at-death
Inventory of remains
Biological Anthropology, world development and ethics
World Development
Global Climate Change
Each Consumer of fossil fuel makes contribution to global climate change
greenhouse effect: warming from trapped atmospheric gases
Global temperatures have risen 1.8 farenheit since 1880
Causes mainly anthropogenic: changes caused by humans and their activities
Ethics
Ethics in Forensic Anthro
Confidentiality- information provided only to relevant authorities
Honesty- complete and accurate assessment, without overstating the data
Has major implications for the life of living individuals:
Ethics in Archaeological
Osteology
Clash of beliefs: Religious injustices undertaken in
the name of science
Pros
• insights into diet, living conditions, population history, biological relationships, health, etc.
• Preserve remains and avoid looter
Cons
disregard for surviving native populations
• double standards in the recovery and disposition of European versus indigenous skeletal remains
• violations of the sacred nature of cemeteries or prehistoric sites
Exportation of fossils
Colonialism and imperialism
White Mans Burden
Paternalistic and racist doctrine
based on thinking natives were lesser and needed british to show them chiristianity and teach them to be civilized
Extension of this mindset into present day/many cultures still dealing with the cons of colonialist mindsets towards discovery of other cultures and then taking their historical items and putting them into colonizer museums
Bioarchaeology and Domestication
Domestication and its consequences
Definition: The process of converting
wild animals and plants
into forms that humans
can care for and cultivate
About 10000 years ago
Agricultural revolution
10 to 11 independent starts
Spread through diffusion and migration
Stages to plant domesticaiton
1) Non
-domesticated grains and
hunting/gathering
2) Determined the circumstances that were conducive to plant growth and realized that seeds = plants; began to grow wild seeds
3) Realized that specific traits could be selected for: changed the yield and quality of the plant
An adaptive trade-off:
Interpersonal violence
Scalping cutmarks, depression fractures and pole axe wounds were found on skulls
Reduction in Biodiversity
Environmental Degradation
Possibly indirectly drives climate change: first instances of humans using land for personal gain without thinking of world level consequences
Bioarchaeology
Study of human remains in archaeloogical context
Things that can be learned include:
Individual biological profiles
Combining with data allows population level detail
Health
Disease
Diet
Demography
Violence/Warfare
Activity/behavior