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Establishment of Nazi Dictatorship & Domestic Policies 1933-1939 -…
Establishment of Nazi Dictatorship & Domestic Policies 1933-1939
Nazi Ideas
Racism - Hitler believed that humanity was no more than 'the survival of the fittest', he believed it was essential to maintain racial purity, The Herrenvolk (master race) was the Aryan Race, he had a particular hatred towards Jews
Anti-Democracy - Hitler wanted a strong doctoral government, he viewed parliamentary democracy as weak, this encouraged communism, Hitler wanted one-party-state run by the furher
Nationalism - (Agressive Nationalism). Hitler wanted a superpower capable of competing with the British Empire and USA, he wanted to achieve this by teretorial expansion on a mass scale.
Socialist - Profit = sharing in large enterprises, the extensive development of insurance for old age, the nationalism of all businesses = later dropped when Hitler established his position in 1934, Hitler and the Goebbels later began to promote the concept of (people community)
March Elections 1933 - (43% ~ 288 seats) Nazi vote, Form a coalition with Nationalist Party (8%) = Majority, so get into government
Adenauer
Adenauer reckoned that Economic Co-operation was the best way to establish the basis of political trust
As the BRD was the largest member of the EEC, Adenauer recognised that working within the union provided the chance for the BRD to exert political and economic influence.
Guestapo
Ruthlessly eliminated Opposition within Germany against the Nazi Party.
They were responsible for the round up of Jews and the deportation and extermination camps
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1930 Election - SPD (Bruning) gets 143 votes = they won't win majority so they have to join a coalition with Centre Party (Papen)
July 1932 Election - Nazi Party gets 230 votes, Papen becomes Chancellor however he has no support from the SPD = causes another election, BUT there is still no majority
November 1932 Election - Papen (The Chancellor) calls another election the Nazi Party decrease in votes (196) BUT Papen still had no support ALSO he has NO majority.
Nazi Propoganda
Canvassing - Goebbels recognised how to direct propaganda according to peoples social and economic intrests (to appeal to farmers and unemployed)
Technology - Modern technology was used e.g. Speakers, radio and films. Expensive cars and planes to transport Hitler (his image) to social events to make him seem very important.
Mass Suggestion - Nazi's showed their masery of propaganda by having; mass rallies, creating an atmosphere (mass suggestion) to tighten the effect; uniforms, salutes, music and flags.
Unifying Schemes & Scape Goat - Hitler and Goebbels played on psychological factors to influence peoples emotions and thoughts. The Furher, November Criminals, The National Community, German Nationalism, Jews and Communists.
Violence - The growth of the SA and SS released a wave of violence, growth of unemployment (desperation). The SA were suspended for 3 months but were then restored by Papn in 1932.
MOST EFFECTIVE FACTOR = VIOLENCE - Violence created fear to go against the Nazi party, So it therefore started to increase in size as it was intimidating
The Night of Long Knives (Spring 1934)
SA had a massive meeting at a hotel this was where they were all killed.
Political Opponents that criticised Hitler were killed (Von Schlecher)
Hitler was trying to get rid of the SA
Hitler wanted to get rid of SA because he wanted to appeal to the ELITE VOTERS, these voters looked down upon the thuggery that the SA presented the Nazi party as. So, they wouldn't vote for Hitler.
Ernst Rohm the leader of the SA was killed
Mass murder of high ranking Nazi officials of SA and Political Opponents.
People like Papen critisizing Hitlers messiah complex and the fuher. This was the final straw for Hitler, this caused the Night of Long Knives.
Reichstag Fire
Set by a Dutch Communist - Marvin Vanderlubbe
Hitler exploits this to further the fear of Communism
Hitler blames the fire on all Communists
Decree for Protection of the People and the State - Hitler had the right to search peoples houses, open their letters, censor Communication
SS and SA beat up Communists and Socialists
Enabeling Act 1933
Where the cabinet can pass laws without the approval of the President for 4 years
2/3 or 60% agree to pass law - 444 for it 94 against it
23 March 1933 - Its Passed
Vote takes place at the Croll Opera House, SS and SA line the inside and outside of the Opera House to intimidate voters
Communists and Socialists are NOT allowed to vote
Center Party are persuaded to vote for them as Hitler promises not to mess with the church
Hitler promises to give the power back after 4 years (Didn't Happen)
First thing to enforce the Nazi way of GLEICHSCHALTUNG
The Process of Nizification, Hitler and the Nazi Party established control over all aspects of German Society
The SS (The Schuzsaffel)
SS were Hitlers personal body guards
SS were loyal to Hitler alone
They had black uniforms and looked much more elegant and professional than the SA who were known for their thuggery and violence
The SS were much more educated than the SA also.
Carried out the murders of The Night of Long Knives