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Case study 5 - Coggle Diagram
Case study 5
Question 5:
Patient education for mdm fong and her daughter
Promote independence in self-care activities
simplify daily activities
Reducing anxiety & agitation
Creating a safe & secure environment
utilise locks
consider fire safety
prevention of falls
Improving communication
Supporting cognitive function
Providing for socialization & intimacy needs
Promoting balance activity & rest
Supporting home & community-based care
Promoting adequate nutrition
Question 1:
Major causes and contributing factors of Alzheimer's disease
Genetics
Lack of leisure/physical activity
Gender: Female>Male
Age >65 yo (83yo)
Cardiovascular risk
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertension
Lack of social interaction
Moderate to severe atrophy in temporal and parietal lobes
-Temporal lobe: Auditory reception areas, expressed behaviour, receptive speech, memory/information retrieval
-Parietal lobes: Sensation, reading, language, intelligence
Question 4: Medical management
Pharmacological
cholinesterase inhibitors
Razadyne® (galantamine)
Exelon® (rivastigmine)
Aricept® (donepezil)
N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist
Memantine
Behaviour management
Sleep management
Alternative management
Definition/ epidemiology
Progressive neurodegenerative disorder
account for 60-80% of dementia cases
No known cure available
Stages of Alzheimer disease
Preclinical
MIld cognitive impairment
Alzheimier's dementia
Question 3: Possible diagnostic test to confirm diagnosis
Objective cognition test
AMT
MMSE
Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ)
MOCA
Lab
CSF Studies
Blood P-tau217 to detect plaques and tangles
Diagnostic imaging
CT Brain
MRI Brain
PET Scan
Question 2:
Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease
Pathological formation of senile plague:
-caused by accumulation of amyloid beta molecule that was not broken down by the secretase properly within the brain cell membrane
Formation of neurofibrillary tangles:
-tau is being broken off from the neurons and cluster together